Seleucus VII Philometor

Seleucus VII Philometor
Seleucus VII Philometor
Seleucus VII Kybiosaktes
King of the Seleucid Empire (King of Syria)
Reign	83–69 BC (in opposition to Tigranes II of Armenia)
Predecessor	Philip I Philadelphus
Successor	Antiochus XIII Asiaticus
Co-rulers	Cleopatra Selene (mother) and possibly Antiochus XIII Asiaticus (younger brother)
Egyptian royal consort (possibly co-regent)
Tenure	Circa 57 BC
Successor	Archelaus I of Comana
Born	Unknown
Died	Circa 57 BC (exact date unknown); Likely Egypt
Spouse	Berenice IV (possibly)
Dynasty	Seleucid
Father	Antiochus X Eusebes
Mother	Cleopatra Selene

Seleucus VII Philometor (Ancient Greek: Φιλομήτωρ) or Kybiosactes (Ancient Greek: Κυβιοσάκτης), was a possible ruler of the Seleucid kingdom based in Syria, but his existence is disputed.

Biography

King of Syria

The last members of the once mighty Seleucid dynasty are shadowy figures; local dynasts with complicated family ties whose identities are hard to ascertain: many of them also bore the same names. Seleucus was unknown until recently. From coins issued by him and his mother, Ptolemaic princess Cleopatra Selene, it is presumed that he was her son by king Antiochus X Eusebes, and a brother of later king Antiochus XIII Asiaticus. He appears to have "reigned" during the occupation of Syria by Armenian king Tigranes (83-69 BC). In reality, only a few cities were loyal to the Seleucids during this period.

Some time after Tigranes had conquered Syria (83 BC), his mother travelled to Rome to have her sons recognized as kings of Egypt, but to no avail. They were there between at least 75 BC and 73 BC; recognized as "Kings of Syria", and "maintained a royal state".^[1]

Co-regent of Egypt

The young boy-king is probably the same Seleucus who later went to marry a Ptolemaic princess called Berenice IV on an unknown date (a sister of the famous Cleopatra VII of Egypt) to become co-regent of Egypt,^[2] but allegedly was murdered by the discontented bride for his lack of manners. He bore the derogatory name Kybiosaktes, the term for the foul-smelling work of cutting tuna fish.

Controversy

In 2002, the numismatist Brian Kritt announced the discovery and decipherment of a coin bearing the portrait of Cleopatra Selene and a co-ruler. Kritt read the name of the ruler as Seleucus Philometor and, based on the epithet, identified him with Cleopatra Selene's son, unnamed by Cicero. Kritt gave the newly discovered ruler the regnal name Seleucus VII, and considered it very likely that he is identical with Kybiosaktes.^[3] But Hoover rejected Kritt's reading, noting that the coin was badly damaged and some letters were unreadable. Hoover read the king's name as Antiochus and identified him with Antiochus XIII.^[4]

References

^ E.R. Bevan, The House of Seleucus, London, 1902, p. 263.
^ "Berenice IV".
^ Kritt, Brian (2002). "Numismatic Evidence For A New Seleucid King: Seleucus (VII) Philometor". The Celator. 16 (4). Kerry K. Wetterstrom. ISSN 1048-0986. Archived from the original on 2018-10-13. Retrieved 2022-10-01.
^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2005). "Dethroning Seleucus VII Philometor (Cybiosactes): Epigraphical Arguments Against a Late Seleucid Monarch". Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik. 151. Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH. ISSN 0084-5388.

Sources

Heinen, Heinz (1968). "Séleucos Cybiosactés et le Probléme De Son Identité". In Cerfaux, Lucien; et al. (eds.). Antidorum W. Peremans Sexagenario Ab Alumnis Oblatum. Studia Hellenistica (in French). Vol. 16. Publications universitaire de Louvain. OCLC 876029154.

Regnal titles
Seleucus VII Philometor Seleucid dynasty Born: Unknown Died: Unknown
Preceded by Tigranes	Seleucid King (King of Syria) 83 BC–69 BC with Cleopatra Selene I (83 BC–69 BC)	Succeeded by Antiochus XIII Asiaticus

[1] E.R. Bevan, The House of Seleucus, London, 1902, p. 263.

[2] "Berenice IV".

[3] Kritt, Brian (2002). "Numismatic Evidence For A New Seleucid King: Seleucus (VII) Philometor". The Celator. 16 (4). Kerry K. Wetterstrom. ISSN 1048-0986. Archived from the original on 2018-10-13. Retrieved 2022-10-01.

[4] Hoover, Oliver D. (2005). "Dethroning Seleucus VII Philometor (Cybiosactes): Epigraphical Arguments Against a Late Seleucid Monarch". Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik. 151. Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH. ISSN 0084-5388.

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v t e Hellenistic rulers
Argeads	Philip II Alexander III the Great Philip III Arrhidaeus Alexander IV
Antipatrids	Cassander Philip IV Alexander V Antipater II Antipater Etesias Sosthenes
Antigonids	Antigonus I Monophthalmus Demetrius I Poliorcetes Antigonus II Gonatas Demetrius II Aetolicus Antigonus III Doson Philip V Perseus Philip VI (pretender)
Ptolemies	Ptolemy I Soter Ptolemy Keraunos Ptolemy II Philadelphus Ptolemy III Euergetes Ptolemy IV Philopator Ptolemy V Epiphanes Cleopatra I Syra (regent) Ptolemy VI Philometor Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator Cleopatra II Philometor Soter Ptolemy VIII Physcon Cleopatra III Ptolemy IX Lathyros Ptolemy X Alexander Berenice III Ptolemy XI Alexander Ptolemy XII Auletes Cleopatra VI Tryphaena Berenice IV Epiphanea Ptolemy XIII Ptolemy XIV Cleopatra VII Philopator Ptolemy XV Caesarion
Monarchs of Cyrene	Magas Berenice II Demetrius the Fair Ptolemy VIII Physcon Ptolemy Apion Cleopatra Selene II
Seleucids	Seleucus I Nicator Antiochus I Soter Antiochus II Theos Seleucus II Callinicus Seleucus III Ceraunus Antiochus III the Great Seleucus IV Philopator Antiochus IV Epiphanes Antiochus V Eupator Demetrius I Soter Alexander I Balas Demetrius II Nicator Antiochus VI Dionysus Diodotus Tryphon Antiochus VII Sidetes Alexander II Zabinas Cleopatra Thea Seleucus V Philometor Antiochus VIII Grypus Antiochus IX Cyzicenus Seleucus VI Epiphanes Antiochus X Eusebes Antiochus XI Epiphanes Demetrius III Eucaerus Philip I Philadelphus Antiochus XII Dionysus Cleopatra Selene I Antiochus XIII Asiaticus Philip II Philoromaeus
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Monarchs of Commagene	Ptolemaeus Sames II Mithridates I Antiochus I Mithridates II Antiochus II Mithridates III Antiochus III Antiochus IV
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Monarchs of the Cimmerian Bosporus	Paerisades I Satyros II Prytanis Eumelos Spartokos III Hygiainon (regent) Paerisades II Spartokos IV Leukon II Spartokos V [ru] Kamasarye Paerisades III Paerisades IV Paerisades V Mithridates I Pharnaces Asander with Dynamis Mithridates II Asander with Dynamis Scribonius's attempted rule with Dynamis Dynamis with Polemon Polemon Aspurgus Gepaepyris Mithridates III Cotys I
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Hellenistic rulers were preceded by Hellenistic satraps in most of their territories.