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Kretinga

Coordinates: 55°53′24″N 21°14′32″E / 55.89000°N 21.24222°E / 55.89000; 21.24222
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Kretinga
City
Aerial view of Kretinga
Church of the Lord's Revelation to Virgin Mary and the Kretinga Bernardine Monastery
Kretinga Museum, formerly manor
Evangelical Lutheran Church
Bernardine Monastery Pond
Flag of Kretinga
Flag
Coat of arms of Kretinga
Coat of arms
Kretinga is located in Lithuania
Kretinga
Kretinga
Location of Kretinga
Coordinates: 55°53′24″N 21°14′32″E / 55.89000°N 21.24222°E / 55.89000; 21.24222
Country Lithuania
Ethnographic regionSamogitia
County Klaipėda County
MunicipalityKretinga district municipality
EldershipKretinga town eldership
Capital ofKretinga district municipality
Kretinga town eldership
Kretinga rural eldership
First mentioned1253
Granted municipal rights1607
Population
 (2022)
 • Total
16,996[1]
Demonym(s)Kretingian(s) (English),
kretingiečiai or kretingiškiai (Lithuanian)
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)

Kretinga (Yiddish: קרעטינגע) is a city in Klaipėda County, in north-western Lithuania.[1] It is the capital of the Kretinga District Municipality.[1] It is located 12 km (7.5 mi) east of the popular Baltic Sea resort town of Palanga, and about 21 km (13 mi) north of Lithuania's 3rd largest city and principal seaport, Klaipėda.[1]

The population was listed as 16,996 in the 2022 census.[1] It is the 6th largest town in the ethnographic region of Samogitia and the 17th largest town in Lithuania.

History

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Kretinga Bernardine Monastery and the Church of the Lord's Revelation to Virgin Mary in the 19th century
Tyszkiewicz Manor (now Kretinga Museum) in the 19th century

Kretinga is one of the oldest known towns in Lithuania. It was first mentioned in 1253 as castle of Cretyn under the charter of Bishop Heinrich of Courland.[2]

In 1602, Jan Karol Chodkiewicz built the first wooden church in Kretinga and established a Benedictine monastery, which became a great success. After about ten years a new brick church with an impressive organ was built. In 1610 a church school was opened.

In 1609, Jan Karol Chodkiewicz announced that he would establish a new settlement next to the old village and would grant the new borough Magdeburg rights. The new borough adopted a coat of arms depicting the Blessed Virgin Mary with the Infant Jesus in her arms. Kretinga's patron saint remains the Blessed Virgin.[3]

In 1621, the Sapieha family gained control of the city; they changed its coat of arms to represent Saint Casimir. In 1659 and 1710 the church and monastery were destroyed by Swedish armies. The Sapieha family helped to rebuild and improve it.

In 1720, the town came under the jurisdiction of the Massalski family. Ignacy Jakub Massalski opened a university preparatory school in 1774. The town lost its municipal rights after the partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

The town prospered during the 19th century as part of the Russian Empire. In 1882 the first telephone line in Lithuania connected Kretinga with Plungė and Rietavas. In 1875, Count Tiškevičius decided to establish his family estate in Kretinga; he purchased and rebuilt an old palace. Following the fashions of the Victorian era, the family landscaped it lavishly and built a greenhouse featuring exotic flowering plants and tropical fruits. In 1890 they installed electricity in the Manor House.

Commemoration of the 500th anniversary of the death of Vytautas the Great in Kretinga in 1930

During World War I, the Germans built a railway line connecting Bajorai,[4] Kretinga, and the Latvian city of Priekule. In 1924 Kretinga regained its municipal rights. During the interwar period, the village of Kretingsodis, on the other side of the Akmena River, was incorporated into the borough. Kretinga gained greater importance after another railway line was built in 1932 that connected it to Šiauliai.

During the first Soviet occupation, under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, a reign of terror resulted in local residents being arrested and, in some cases, executed without trial or deported to Siberia. A local lawyer, Vladas Petronaitis, was arrested and ultimately tortured to death by the Soviet intelligence agency.

After the outbreak of the World War II, Kretinga's city centre was bombarded and burned down.[1] During World War II, the Nazi occupation saw the elimination of Kretinga's Jewish population. In June 1941, German forces and Lithuanian collaborators took about 200 Jewish men and some Lithuanian communist activists to a forest outside the town and shot them in pits that some of the Jewish men had been forced to dig. Several more mass shootings including women and children took place in July at the Kretinga Jewish cemetery.[5] As in neighbouring Palanga, local Lithuanian nationalists volunteered to assist in the killing of Jewish citizens as soon as the German army and police units had arrived.[6][7]

The Soviet occupation in 1945, led to further reductions in the population as refugees fled to the west and many of those trapped were deported to Siberia.

The local economy stagnated under Soviet occupation, which forcibly collectivized the farms in the area; it became an economic backwater.

Motiejus Valančius Public Library

Since Lithuania's independence in 1990, the town has made a recovery; it has much to offer by way of history and art. Kretinga hosts folk music festivals, theatricals, the Kretinga Festival, celebrations on Midsummer Night's Eve (Joninės) and Mardi Gras (Užgavėnės), and a Manorial Feast. The Manor House is now a museum housing artistic and archeological collections and a restaurant in the adjacent greenhouse, called "The Winter Garden". A Cambrian geothermal reservoir underlies the area, and the Vydmantai powerplant exploiting this resource is being built nearby.[8]

In 1980 Kretinga Jurgis Pabrėža gymnasium was founded, which cooperates with many Lithuanian universities.[9][10]

Notable people

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Twin towns – sister cities

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See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Lithuania

Kretinga is twinned with:[12]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f "Kretinga". Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 8 December 2024.
  2. ^ "Herder-Institut: 404". Herder-institut.de. Archived from the original on 2007-10-27. Retrieved 2013-09-22.
  3. ^ "Patron Saints Index: Kretinga, Lithuania". 17 March 2006. Archived from the original on 2006-03-17. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
  4. ^ "Bajorai, Liuthuania Page". Fallingrain.com. Retrieved 2013-09-22.
  5. ^ "First Mass Murder of Jews from Kretinga". Holocaust Atlas of Lithuania. Vilnius, Lithuania: Vilna Gaon State Jewish Museum. 2010. Retrieved 2019-11-05.
  6. ^ "Mass Murder of Jews at the Kretinga Jewish Cemetery". Holocaust Atlas of Lithuania. Vilnius, Lithuania: Vilna Gaon State Jewish Museum. 2010. Retrieved 2019-11-05.
  7. ^ Arad, Yitzhak; Krakowski, Shmuel; Spector, Shmuel, eds. (1989). The Einsatzgruppen reports: selections from the dispatches of the Nazi Death Squads' campaign against the Jews July 1941-January 1943. New York: Holocaust Library. ISBN 0896040577.
  8. ^ "Lithuanian Renewable Energy Server: Geothermal". 11 August 2006. Archived from the original on 2006-08-11. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
  9. ^ "Apie gimnaziją". Kretingos Jurgio Pabrėžos universitetinė gimnazija (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 8 December 2024.
  10. ^ "Universitetinė veikla". Kretingos Jurgio Pabrėžos universitetinė gimnazija (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 8 December 2024.
  11. ^ "LISTSERV 16.0". Listserv.linguistlist.org. Archived from the original on 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2013-09-22.
  12. ^ "Tarptautinis bendradarbiavimas". kretinga.lt (in Lithuanian). Kretinga. Retrieved 2019-08-29.
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