List of ruling political parties by country

For other lists, see Lists of political parties.

This is a list of ruling political parties by country, in the form of a table with a link to an overview of political parties in each country and showing which party system is dominant in each country. A political party is a political organization subscribing to a certain ideology or formed around special issues with the aim to participate in power, usually by participating in elections. Individual parties are properly listed in separate articles under each nation.

The ruling party in a parliamentary system is the political party or coalition of the majority in parliament. It generally forms the central government.

Table

A

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Afghanistan	One-party	Taliban	None; see 2021 takeover
Abkhazia	Multi-party	Independents, Amtsakhara Aitaira	2020 (presidential) 2022 (parliament)
Åland	Multi-party	Liberals, Centre, Social Democrats ObS, Moderate Coalition Sustainable Initiative	2023 (legislative)
Albania	Multi-party	Socialist Party of Albania, PSD PD – Alliance for Change (PD, PR, PDIU, PAA, PLL, LZHK, PBDNJ), PL, PM	2021 (parliament)
Alderney	Non-partisan	Independents	2024 (general)
Algeria	Multi-party	National Liberation Front, RND, Future Front, El-Bina MSP, LP, FBG, FDJ, EFED, PLJ, Jil Jadid, FAN, El Karama, FNA, FFS	2024 (presidential) 2021 (legislative)
Andorra	Multi-party	Democrats for Andorra, Committed Citizens, Action, Liberals Concord, Social Democratic Party, Andorra Forward	2023 (parliament)
Angola	Dominant-party	People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola UNITA, PRS, FNLA, PHA	2022 (general)
Anguilla	Two-party	Anguilla Progressive Movement Anguilla United Front	2020 (general)
Antigua and Barbuda	Dominant-party	Antigua and Barbuda Labour Party United Progressive Party, Barbuda People's Movement	2023 (general)
Argentina	Multi-party	La Libertad Avanza, Republican Proposal, MID, Independence, CREO Union for the Homeland, UCR, HCF, IF, CC–ARI, FIT–Unidad, SER, PyT, MPN	2023 (general) 2021 (legislative)
Armenia	Multi-party	Civil Contract, United Labour Party Armenia Alliance (ARF, independents), I Have Honor Alliance (RPA, independents)	2021 (parliament)
Aruba	Multi-party	People's Electoral Movement, RAIZ AVP, Aruban Sovereignty Movement, RED, Accion 21	2021 (general)
Ascension	Non-partisan	Independents	2022 (general)
Australia	Multi-party	Labor Party Coalition (Liberal, National) (off. opp.), Greens, Centre, KAP, One Nation, AV, JLN, UAP	2022 (federal)
Austria	Multi-party	Austrian People's Party, The Greens Freedom Party, Social Democratic Party, NEOS	2024 (legislative)
Azerbaijan	Dominant-party	New Azerbaijan Party, VHP, BAP, AVP, AMİP, ADMP, BQP ƏHD, REAL, MCP, DİP	2024 (presidential) 2024 (parliament)

B

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Bahamas	Two-party	Progressive Liberal Party Free National Movement	2021 (general)
Bahrain	Dominant-party	Pro-monarchy independents, Al Rabitah, Gathering of National Unity Progressive Democratic Tribune	2022 (general)
Bangladesh	Multi-party	Transitional non-partisan government Legislature dissolved, Awami League	2024 (general) See also: 2024 revolution
Barbados	Two-party	Barbados Labour Party Democratic Labour Party	2022 (general)
Belarus	Dominant-party	Belaya Rus, Independents, RPTS, Communist Party Liberal Democratic Party of Belarus	2020 (presidential) 2019 (parliament)
Belgium	Multi-party	PS, MR, Ecolo, CD&V, Open Vld, Groen, Vooruit N-VA, Vlaams Belang, PTB/PVDA, Les Engagés, DéFI	2024 (general)
Flanders	Multi-party	N-VA, Vooruit, CD&V VB, Open Vld, PVDA, Groen, TFA	2024 (parliament)
Wallonia	Multi-party	MR, LE PS, PTB, Ecolo	2024 (parliament)
Brussels	Multi-party	PS, Ecolo, DéFI, Groen, Open Vld, Vooruit MR, PTB/PVDA, LE, DierAnimal, N-VA, VB, CD&V, Agora	2024 (parliament)
German- speaking Community	Multi-party	ProDG, CSP, PFF Vivant, SP, Ecolo	2024 (parliament)
Belize	Two-party	People's United Party United Democratic Party	2020 (general)
Benin	Multi-party	Progressive Union for Renewal, Republican Bloc The Democrats	2021 (presidential) 2023 (parliament)
Bermuda	Two-party	Progressive Labour Party One Bermuda Alliance	2020 (general)
Bhutan	Two-party	People's Democratic Party Bhutan Tendrel Party	2023–24 (legislative)
Bolivia	Multi-party	Movement for Socialism Civic Community (FRI), Creemos (PDC, UCS)	2020 (general)
Bonaire	Multi-party	Bonaire People's Movement Bonaire Democratic Party, Bonaire Patriotic Union	2023 (general)
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Multi-party	SNSD, HDZ BiH, NiP, SDP BiH, DNS, NS, ZNG, DEMOS, US, BHI KF SDA, DF-Civic Alliance, SDS, PDP, NES, ZPR, NPD	2022 (general)
Botswana	Multi-party	Umbrella for Democratic Change, Botswana Patriotic Front BCP (official opposition), Botswana Democratic Party	2024 (general)
Brazil	Multi-party	Brazil of Hope, PSD, MDB, PDT, PSB, PSOL-REDE, Avante, Solidarity PL, Brazil Union, PP, Republicans, PSDB-Cidadania, Podemos, PRD, NOVO	2022 (general)
Brunei	One-party	Independents No parliamentary opposition	No elections
Bulgaria	Multi-party	Caretaker non-partisan government GERB–SDS, PP–DB, Revival, DPS–NN, BSP–OL, APS, ITN, MECh	2021 (presidential) Oct 2024 (parliament)
Burkina Faso	Military junta	MPSR (civilian government suspended)	Sep 2022 coup d'état
Burundi	Dominant-party	National Council for the Defense of Democracy National Congress for Liberty, Union for National Progress	2020 (general)

C

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Cambodia	Dominant-party	Cambodian People's Party FUNCINPEC, Khmer Will Party	2023 (parliament)
Cameroon	Dominant-party	Cameroon People's Democratic Movement UNDP, SDF, CPNR, Cameroon Democratic Union, FNSC, MDR, USM	2018 (presidential) 2020 (parliament)
Canada	Multi-party	Liberal Party (minority), New Democratic Party Conservative Party (main opposition), Bloc Québécois, Green Party	2021 (federal)
Cape Verde	Multi-party	Movement for Democracy PAICV (president's party), UCID	2021 (presidential) 2021 (parliament)
Cayman Islands	Two-party	United People's Movement People's Progressive Movement	2021 (general)
Central African Republic	Dominant-party	United Hearts Movement Kwa Na Kwa, URCA, MLPC, MOUNI, RDC and others	2020–21 (general)
Chad	Dominant-party	Patriotic Salvation Movement Parliament dissolved, UNDR, URD, RNDT, FAR, Les Transformateurs	2024 (presidential)
Chile	Multi-party	Government Alliance (FA, PS, PCCh, PPD, PL, PR, AH, FREVS), PDC Chile Vamos (UDI, RN, Evópoli), PLR, PSC, Democrats, Amarillos	2021 (general)
China (PRC)	One-party	Chinese Communist Party, minor parties (CPWDP, JS, CDL, CAPD, CNDCA, RCCK, TDSL, CZGP)	2023 (congressional)
Hong Kong	Dominant-party	Pro-Beijing camp (DAB, FTU, BPA, NPP, LP, FEW, FLU, Roundtable, PP, KWND, NP, NCF) Third Side, Pro-democracy camp	2021 (legislative) 2023 (local)
Macau	Dominant-party	Pro-Beijing camp (ACUM, UPD, UMG, UPP, ABL) Pro-democracy camp (NE), Synergy Power	2021 (legislative)
Colombia	Multi-party	PHxC, PLC, AV, Colombia Reborn, ASI, Citizen Force, Commons CD, CR, LIGA, PVO, MIRA, PCC, PSUN, MSN, CJL	2022 (parliament) 2022 (presidential)
Comoros	Dominant-party	Convention for the Renewal of the Comoros Orange Party	2020 (legislative) 2024 (presidential)
Congo	Dominant-party	Congolese Party of Labour, MAR, RDPS UPADS, UDH-Yuki, MAR, PRL, Club 2002, DRD, RDPS, APC, MUST, MDC, CPR, URDP, RC, MCDDI	2021 (presidential) 2022 (parliament)
DR Congo	Multi-party	President: UDPS; Parliament: Sacred Union of the Nation Parliamentary opposition: Lamuka Coalition, Congo ya Makasi	2023 (general) 2024 (senate)
Cook Islands	Multi-party	Cook Islands Party, Pro-government independents Democratic Party, Cook Islands United Party, One Cook Islands Movement	2022 (general)
Costa Rica	Multi-party	Social Democratic Progress Party (minority) PLN, PUSC, PNR, PLP, Broad Front	2022 (general)
Croatia	Multi-party	Croatian Democratic Union, DP, HDS, HSLS, HNS-LD, HSU SDP, Most, We can!, SDSS, Centre–NPS, Glas–HSS–DO i SIP, HS–PiP, IDS-DDI, Focus	2019–20 (presidential) 2024 (parliament)
Cuba	One-party	Communist Party of Cuba	2023 (parliament)
Curaçao	Multi-party	MFK, National People's Party PAR, Partido MAN, Kòrsou Esun Miho, Work for Curaçao	2021 (general)
Cyprus	Multi-party	Democratic Party, Democratic Alignment, EDEK Democratic Rally, AKEL, ELAM, KOSP	2023 (presidential) 2021 (legislative)
Czech Republic	Multi-party	SPOLU (ODS, KDU-ČSL, TOP 09), Mayors and Independents ANO 2011, Freedom and Direct Democracy, Czech Pirate Party	2021 (legislative) 2023 (presidential)

D

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Denmark	Multi-party	Social Democrats, Venstre, Moderates, Union Party, JF, Siumut, IA Green Left, DD, Liberals, DKF, EL, RV, ALT, NB, DF	2022 (general)
Djibouti	Dominant-party	Union for the Presidential Majority (RPP, FRUD, PND, PSD, UPR) UDJ	2021 (presidential) 2023 (parliament)
Dominica	Dominant-party	Dominica Labour Party No parliamentary opposition, Team Unity Dominica, United Workers' Party	2022 (general)
Dominican Republic	Multi-party	PRM, FA, APD, DxC, PHD, BIS, PRSD, PQDC, PCR Dominican Liberation Party, FP, PRSC, PRD, ALPAÍS, PLR	2024 (general)

E

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
East Timor	Multi-party	National Congress for Timorese Reconstruction, Democratic Party FRETILIN, KHUNTO, People's Liberation Party	2023 (parliament) 2022 (presidential)
Ecuador	Multi-party	National Democratic Action, Pachakutik RC, Construye, PSC, PID, SUMA, Avanza, PSP, RETO, CD, UP, AMIGO	2023 (general)
Egypt	Dominant-party	Independents, Nation's Future Party, RPP, New Wafd, HDP, MEP, SDP CDM (RDP, ESDP, Justice) Tagammu, Conference, EFP, Al-Nour, EPM, EGP	2023 (presidential) 2020 (parliament)
El Salvador	Dominant-party	Nuevas Ideas, National Coalition Party, Christian Democratic Party Nationalist Republican Alliance, Vamos	2024 (presidential) 2024 (legislative)
Equatorial Guinea	Dominant-party	Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea No parliamentary opposition, Convergence for Social Democracy	2022 (general)
Eritrea	One-party	People's Front for Democracy and Justice	Elections postponed
Estonia	Multi-party	Reform Party, Estonia 200, Social Democratic Party Conservative People's Party, Isamaa, Centre Party, ERK	2023 (parliament)
Eswatini	Non-partisan	Independents (no political parties)	2023 (general)
Ethiopia	Dominant-party	Prosperity Party NaMA, EZEMA, GPDP	2021 (general)
European Union	Multi-party	EPP, PES, ALDE ECR, Patriots.eu, EGP, ESN, ELA, EDP, EFA, PEL, ECPM	2024 (parliament)

F

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Falkland Islands	Non-partisan	Independents (no political parties)	2021 (general)
Faroe Islands	Multi-party	Social Democratic Party, Republic, Progress Union Party, People's Party, Centre Party	2022 (general)
Fiji	Multi-party	People's Alliance, National Federation Party, SODELPA Independents (Ex-FijiFirst)	2022 (general)
Finland	Multi-party	National Coalition, Finns Party, Christian Democrats, Swedish People's Party SDP, Centre Party, The Greens, Left Alliance, Movement Now	2023 (parliament) 2024 (presidential)
France	Multi-party	Ensemble (RE, MoDem, HOR, UDI, PR, EC), LR, LC, AC NFP (LFI, PS, LÉ, PCF, PP, REV, GRS), UXD (RN, UDR, IDL), R&PS	2022 (presidential) 2024 (legislative)
French Guiana	Multi-party	DVG, Péyi Guyane, La France Insoumise, MDES, Socialist Party DVC, Guiana Rally, The Republicans	2021 (regional)
French Polynesia	Multi-party	Tāvini Huiraʻatira Tāpura Huiraʻatira, A here ia Porinetia, ʻĀmuitahiraʻa o te Nūnaʻa Māʻohi	2023 (legislative)

G

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other Parties	Last election
Gabon	Military junta	CTRI (civilian government suspended)	2023 coup d'état
Gambia	Multi-party	National People's Party, National Reconciliation Party, APRC United Democratic Party, PDOIS	2021 (presidential) 2022 (parliament)
Georgia	Dominant-party	Georgian Dream, People's Power CfC (Ahali, Girchi–MF, Droa, Rep), U–NM (UNM, SA, EG, P&F), SG (Lelo, FtP, Citizens, FS), FG, CPG	2024 (parliament)
Germany	Multi-party	Social Democratic Party, Alliance 90/The Greens Union (CDU, CSU), Free Democratic Party, Alternative for Germany, The Left, BSW	2021 (federal)
Ghana	Two-party	New Patriotic Party National Democratic Congress	2020 (general)
Gibraltar	Multi-party	GSLP–Liberal Alliance (GSLP, LPG) Gibraltar Social Democrats	2023 (general)
Greece	Multi-party	New Democracy Syriza, PASOK–KINAL (PASOK, KIDISO), KKE, Greek Solution, NA, Spartans, Niki, Course of Freedom	2023 (legislative)
Greenland	Multi-party	Inuit Ataqatigiit, Naleraq Siumut, Democrats, Atassut	2021 (general)
Grenada	Two-party	National Democratic Congress New National Party	2022 (general)
Guadeloupe	Multi-party	GUSR, DVC Plural Left	2021 (regional)
Guatemala	Multi-party	Semilla, Winaq–URNG Vamos, UNE, Cabal, ViVa, Valor, VOS, Todos, PPN, BIEN, Victoria, PA, CE, CREO, Cambio	2023 (general)
Guernsey	Multi-party	Independents Future Guernsey, Guernsey Party	2020 (general)
Guinea	Military junta	CNRD (civilian government suspended)	2021 coup d'état
Guinea-Bissau	Multi-party	PAI–Terra Ranka (PAIGC and others), PRS, PTG Madem G15 (president's party), Assembly of the People United	2019 (presidential) 2023 (legislative)
Guyana	Multi-party	People's Progressive Party/Civic APNU+AFC (PNCR and others) (official opposition), LJP–ANUG–TNM	2020 (general)

H

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Haiti	Multi-party	Transitional non-partisan government; TPC member parties: FL, OPL, PPD, EDE, REN Parliament dissolved; PHTK, Inite, Haiti in Action, RDNP, Renmen, UNCRH, PFSDH	2016–17 (senate) 2016 (presidential)
Honduras	Multi-party	Liberty and Refoundation, Innovation and Unity Party, Anti-Corruption Party National Party, Liberal Party, Savior Party of Honduras	2021 (general)
Hungary	Dominant-party	Fidesz–KDNP (Fidesz, KDNP), LdU DK–MSZP–P (DK, MSZP, Dialogue, Szikra), Momentum, Jobbik, Mi Hazánk, LMP, ANPM	2022 (parliament)

I

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Iceland	Multi-party	Independence Party, Progressive Party, Left-Green Movement Samfylkingin, People's Party, Pirate Party, Liberal Reform Party, Centre Party, The Greens	2021 (parliament) 2024 (presidential)
India	Multi-party	NDA (BJP, TDP, JDU, JSP, SHS, RJLP, AD(S), AJSU, NDPP, NPP, NPF, MNF, SKM, JD(S), AGP) INDIA (INC, DMK, AITC, AAP, CPI(M), SS(UBT), NCP (SP), RJD, JKNC, IUML, JMM, SP, CPI, RSP, VCK, KC(M)) Others (YSRCP, BJD, BSP, BRS, SAD, AIMIM, AIUDF, RLP, AIADMK)	2024 (general)
Indonesia	Multi-party	KIM Plus (Gerindra, Golkar, PKB, PAN, Demokrat), PDI-P, NasDem, PKS	2024 (general)
Iran	Two-party	Reformists (executive majority) Principlists (legislative+judicial+oversight majority)	2024 (presidential) 2024 (legislative)
Iraq	Multi-party	Takadum, State of Law, PDK, Fatah, PUK, Azem, Victory Alliance, Babylon Movement Emtidad, Naway Nwe, Tasmim, National Contract, Ishraq Kanoon, NPI, MDR, others	2021 (parliament)
Kurdistan	Multi-party	Kurdistan Democratic Party, Patriotic Union of Kurdistan Gorran, Naway Nwe, Kurdistan Justice Group, Yekgirtû	2024 (parliament)
Ireland	Multi-party	Fianna Fáil, Fine Gael, Green Party Sinn Féin, Labour Party, Social Democrats, PBP–S, Aontú, Right to Change	2020 (general)
Isle of Man	Multi-party	Independents Labour Party, Liberal Vannin Party	2021 (general)
Israel	Multi-party	Likud, Shas, Mafdal–RZ, UTJ, Otzma, New Hope, Noam Yesh Atid, National Unity, Yisrael Beiteinu, Ra'am, Hadash–Ta'al, Democrats	2022 (legislative)
Italy	Multi-party	Brothers of Italy, League, Forza Italia, Us Moderates, MAIE, DCR, UdC PD–IDP (PD, DemoS, CD), M5S, Az, AVS (EV, SI, PP), IV, +E, SVP, ScN, UV	2022 (general)
Ivory Coast	Dominant-party	Rally of Houphouëtists for Democracy and Peace (RDR) PDCI-RDA, Together for Democracy and Sovereignty, UDPCI, FPI	2020 (presidential 2021 (parliament)

J

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Jamaica	Two-party	Jamaica Labour Party People's National Party	2020 (general)
Japan	Multi-party	Liberal Democratic Party, Komeito Constitutional Democratic Party, Ishin, DPP, Reiwa, Communist Party, Sanseitō, CPJ, SDP	2024 (general) 2022 (upper house)
Jersey	Multi-party	Independents, Reform Jersey, Jersey Liberal Conservatives Independents, Better Way	2022 (general)
Jordan	Dominant-party	Pro-monarchy independents, National Charter Party, Eradah Party, Progress Party Islamic Action Front, National Islamic Party, National Union Movement, Communist Party	2024 (general)

K

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Kazakhstan	Dominant-party	Amanat Auyl, Respublica, Aq Jol, People's Party, JSDP	2022 (presidential) 2023 (legislative)
Kenya	Multi-party	Kenya Kwanza (UDA, ANC, FORD–K, UDM, TSP, MCC, UPIA, UPA, CCK, DP, GDDP, MDG) Azimio (ODM, Jubilee, WDM–K, DAP–K, KANU, KUP, NOPEU, NAP–K, UDP)	2022 (general)
Kiribati	Two-party	Tobwaan Kiribati Party Boutokaan Kiribati Moa Party	2024 (parliament) 2024 (presidential)
Korea (DPRK)	One-party	Workers' Party of Korea, other minor parties (KSDP, Chondoist Chongu Party)	2019 (parliament)
Korea (ROK)	Multi-party	People Power Party Democratic Party, Rebuilding Korea, New Reform, Progressive Party, BIP, SDP	2022 (presidential) 2024 (legislative)
Kuwait	Non-partisan	Independents (no political parties)	2024 (general)
Kyrgyzstan	Multi-party	Mekenchil, Ata-Jurt Kyrgyzstan, Ishenim, Yntymak Eldik, Alliance, United Kyrgyzstan, Light of Faith, SDK, Afghans' Party	2021 (presidential) 2021 (parliament)
Kosovo	Multi-party	Vetëvendosje, Guxo, Alternativa, KDTP, NDS, IRDK, Vakat, LPRK, SDU, PAI PDK, LDK, Serb List, AAK, AKR, JGP, RI, GI SPO	2021 (parliament)

L

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Laos	One-party	Lao People's Revolutionary Party	2021 (parliament)
Latvia	Multi-party	New Unity, Union of Greens and Farmers, The Progressives United List, National Alliance, For Stability!, Latvia First	2022 (parliament)
Lebanon	Multi-party	Acting gov't: FPM, Amal, Hezbollah, PSP, Marada, ARF, Al-Ahbash, Ba'ath, UP, JI LF, Kataeb, Taqaddom, Al Haraka, Tahalof Watani, ReLebanon, Khatt Ahmar, Lana, Osos, NDP, PNO	2022 (general)
Lesotho	Multi-party	Revolution for Prosperity, BAP, AD, MEC, LCD, LPC, HOPE Democratic Congress, ABC, SR, BNP, PFD, BCM, MPS, NIP, UFC, BPP	2022 (general)
Liberia	Two-party	Unity Party Congress for Democratic Change, other small parties	2023 (general)
Libya	Non-partisan	Government of National Unity, Government of National Stability Independents	2014 (parliament)
Liechtenstein	Multi-party	Patriotic Union, Progressive Citizens' Party Free List, Democrats for Liechtenstein	2021 (general)
Lithuania	Multi-party	Homeland Union, Liberal Movement, Freedom Party LVŽS, DSVL, LSDP, DP, LLRA–KŠS, LRP, NA, LKDP	2024 (parliament) 2024 (presidential)
Luxembourg	Multi-party	Christian Social People's Party, Democratic Party LSAP, ADR, The Greens, Pirate Party, The Left	2023 (general)

M

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Madagascar	Dominant-party	IRMAR (Young Malagasies Determined, ADN, AKFM, AVANA, AVI, MDM, RPSD) Firaisankina (TIM, HVM, Pro-Siteny, TT, APM), FIVOI, KOL, Green, GJMP	2023 (presidential) 2024 (parliament)
Malawi	Multi-party	Malawi Congress Party, United Transformation Movement, independents Democratic Progressive Party, UDF, People's Party, AFORD	2019 (parliament) 2020 (presidential)
Malaysia	Multi-party	PH (PKR, DAP, Amanah, UPKO), BN (UMNO, MCA, MIC, PBRS), GPS (PBB, PRS, PDP, SUPP), GRS (PBS, STAR), Warisan, KDM, PBM PN (PAS, BERSATU, GERAKAN), MUDA	2022 (general)
Maldives	Multi-party	People's National Congress, Progressive Party, Maldives National Party, Third Way Democrats Maldivian Democratic Party, Maldives Development Alliance, Jumhooree Party	2023 (presidential) 2024 (parliament)
Mali	Military junta	Malian Armed Forces (civilian government suspended)	2021 coup d'état
Malta	Two-party	Labour Party Nationalist Party	2022 (general)
Marshall Islands	Two-party	Independents (Pro-Heine) Independents (Pro-Kabua)	2023 (general)
Mauritania	Multi-party	Equity Party, AND, El Islah, UDP, El Karama, Nida El Watan, HATEM, HIWAR, El Vadila Tewassoul, Hope Mauritania, Sawab–RAG, AJD/MR, State of Justice	2024 (presidential) 2023 (parliament)
Mauritius	Multi-party	Labour Party, Mauritian Militant Movement, Nouveau Démocrate, Rezistans ek Alternativ Rodrigues People's Organisation, Alliance Liberation, Militant Socialist Movement, Social Democratic Party	2024 (general)
Mayotte	Multi-party	The Republicans, NÉMA, DVD MDM, Renaissance, DVC	2021 (legislative)
Mexico	Multi-party	Morena, Ecologist Green Party, Labor Party National Action Party, Institutional Revolutionary Party, Citizens' Movement	2024 (general)
Micronesia	Non-partisan	Independents (no political parties)	2023 (parliament)
Moldova	Multi-party	Party of Action and Solidarity Bloc of Communists and Socialists (PSRM, PCRM), Victory (ȘOR–Independents, Revival), MAN	2021 (parliament) 2024 (presidential)
Monaco	Multi-party	UNM (Priorité Monaco, Horizon Monaco, Union Monégasque) No parliamentary opposition; New Ideas for Monaco	2023 (parliament)
Mongolia	Multi-party	Mongolian People's Party, Democratic Party, HUN Party National Coalition (Green Party, MNDP, MLDP), Civil Will–Green Party	2021 (presidential) 2024 (legislative)
Montenegro	Multi-party	Europe Now, ZBCG (NSD, DNP), Democrats, BS, SNP, ASh, UCG, Civic, LDSh, FORCA, UDSh Democratic Party of Socialists, United Reform Action, Social Democrats, HGI	2023 (presidential) 2023 (legislative)
Montserrat	Two-party	United Alliance People's Democratic Movement (official opposition), Movement for Change and Prosperity	2024 (general)
Morocco	Multi-party	National Rally of Independents, Authenticity and Modernity Party, Istiqlal Party Socialist Union of Popular Forces, Popular Movement, UC–MDS, PPS, PJD, FFD, PSU, AFG	2021 (general)
Mozambique	Dominant-party	FRELIMO PODEMOS, RENAMO, MDM	2024 (general)
Myanmar	Military junta	State Administration Council (civilian government suspended), USDP, PPP, NDF, KPP, PNO, ZCD, MUP De jure no opposition. General Elections are suspended due to ongoing Myanmar civil war (2021-present) All opposition parties against the Junta were banned. Former ruling party National League for Democracy, which was overthrown by the military coup in 2021 formed National Unity Government with small minor parties, allied with Anti-government armed groups and revolted against the Junta caused the civil war.	2021 coup d'état

N

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Namibia	Dominant-party	SWAPO PDM, LPM, NUDO, APP, UDF, RP, NEFF, RDP, CDV, SWANU, IPC	2019 (general)
Nauru	Multi-party	Independents, Nauru First Opposition independents	2022 (parliament)
Nepal	Multi-party	NC, CPN (UML), PSP, LSP-N, NUP, Janamat, PSP-N Socialist Front (CPN (MC), RSP, CPN (US), NSP), RPP, AJP, NWPP, RJM	2022 (general)
Netherlands	Multi-party	PVV, VVD, NSC, BBB GL/PvdA, D66, CDA, SP, FvD, PvdD, SGP, CU, DENK, Volt, JA21, 50PLUS, OPNL	2023 (general)
New Caledonia	Multi-party	Caledonian Union, FLNKS, L'EO, UNI, LKS, Labour Party Future with Confidence, Caledonia Together, Generations NC	2019 (legislative)
New Zealand	Multi-party	National Party, ACT New Zealand, New Zealand First Labour Party (official opposition), Green Party, Te Pāti Māori	2023 (general)
Nicaragua	Dominant-party	Sandinista National Liberation Front, YATAMA Constitutionalist Liberal Party, ALN, PLI, CCN, APRE	2021 (general)
Niger	Military junta	CSNP (civilian government suspended), M62 Movement	2023 coup d'état
Nigeria	Multi-party	All Progressives Congress Peoples Democratic Party (official opposition), Labour Party, NNPP, APGA, ADC, SDP, YPP, ADP	2023 (general)
Niue	Non-partisan	Independents (no political parties)	2023 (general)
North Macedonia	Multi-party	Your Macedonia (VMRO-DPMNE, SPM, DPSM), VLEN (ASh, Besa, LD, AAA, LVV), ZNAM For a European Future (SDSM, NSDP, LDP), European Front (BDI, ASh, LP, TDP, THDH), Levica, PDSh	2024 (presidential) 2024 (parliament)
Northern Cyprus	Multi-party	National Unity Party, Democratic Party, Rebirth Party Republican Turkish Party, People's Party	2020 (presidential) 2022 (parliament)
Norway	Multi-party	Labour Party, Centre Party Conservative Party, FrP, SV, Liberal Party, Red Party, KrF, Green Party, Patient Focus	2021 (parliament)

O

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition	Last election
Oman	Non-partisan	Independents No political parties	2023 (general)

P

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Pakistan	Multi-party	PML-N, MQM-P, PML-Q, IPP, PPP, BAP, NP, PML-Z, ANP Tehreek Tahafuz Ayin (PTI, SIC, BNP-M, MWM, PMAP), JUI-F	2024 (general)
Palau	Non-partisan	Independents (no political parties)	2024 (general)
Palestine	Multi-party	PLO (Fatah, PFLP, DFLP, PPP), National Initiative, Third Way Hamas (de facto control of the Gaza Strip)	2006 (legislative)
Panama	Multi-party	Realizing Goals, Alliance Party, PRD, CD, Panameñista, MOLIRENA, PP Coalición Vamos, Another Way Movement	2024 (general)
Papua New Guinea	Multi-party	Pangu, URP, NA, People's, SDP, PFP, PNGP, ULP, Advance, National, AP, Green, Liberal, MAP, NGP, ODP, PLP, PMC, PPP, PRP, Destiny, THE People's National Congress Party	2022 (general)
Paraguay	Dominant-party	Colorado Party Authentic Radical Liberal Party, National Crusade, Yo Creo, PEN, PPQ, PPS, Guasú Front, PDP	2023 (general)
Peru	Multi-party	Non-partisan government; Popular Force, Alliance for Progress, Podemos Perú, Free Peru, Popular Action, Magisterial Bloc, We Are Peru Popular Renewal, Together for Peru, Avanza País, Socialist Bloc, Popular Democratic Bloc, Honor and Democracy, First The People	2021 (general) 2022 crisis
Philippines	Multi-party	Alyansa para sa Bagong Pilipinas (Federal Party, Lakas–CMD, NUP, NPC, Nacionalista), PDP, HNP, LDP, PMP, PRP, UNA, CDP, Aksyon Liberal Party, Makabayan, Akbayan, KNP, Reporma, BUP	2022 (general)
Pitcairn Islands	Non-partisan	Independents (no political parties)	2023 (general)
Poland	Multi-party	KO (PO, .N, IPL, PZ, T!DPL, AU), TD (KP, PL2050), The Left (NL, UP, PPS) United Right (PiS, OdNowa RP), Confederation (NN, RN, KKP), Razem, Kukiz'15–WiD	2020 (presidential) 2023 (parliament)
Portugal	Multi-party	Democratic Alliance (Social Democratic Party, CDS – People's Party) Socialist Party, Chega, IL, Left Bloc, PCP, LIVRE, PAN	2024 (parliament) 2021 (presidential)
Puerto Rico	Two-party	Popular Democratic Party New Progressive Party (governor's party), MVC, PIP, PD	2024 (general)

Q

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition	Last election
Qatar	Non-partisan	Independents (no political parties)	2021 (general)

R

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Romania	Multi-party	PSD, PNL, USR, UDMR/RMDSZ, Ethnic minority parties Alliance for the Union of Romanians, S.O.S. Romania, Party of Young People	2019 (presidential) 2024 (legislative)
Russia	Dominant-party	United Russia, LDPR (incl. Rodina and Civic Platform), A Just Russia – For Truth Communist Party (incl. DPA, DNZS and Left Front), New People	2024 (presidential) 2021 (legislative)
Rwanda	Dominant-party	Rwandan Patriotic Front Liberal Party, Social Democratic Party, Ideal Democratic Party, DGPR, PSI	2024 (general)

S

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Saint Helena	Non-partisan	Independents (no political parties)	2021 (general)
Saint Kitts and Nevis	Multi-party	Saint Kitts and Nevis Labour Party Concerned Citizens' Movement, People's Labour Party, People's Action Movement	2022 (general)
Saint Lucia	Two-party	Saint Lucia Labour Party United Workers Party	2021 (general)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon	Two-party	Archipelago Tomorrow (LR) Together for the Future (PRG)	2022 (legislative)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Two-party	Unity Labour Party New Democratic Party	2020 (general)
Samoa	Two-party	Faʻatuatua i le Atua Samoa ua Tasi (incl. Samoa National Democratic Party) Human Rights Protection Party	2021 (general)
San Marino	Multi-party	Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party, Libera–PS, PSD, Reformist Alliance Future Republic, Domani Motus Liberi, RETE Movement	2024 (general)
São Tomé and Príncipe	Multi-party	Independent Democratic Action MLSTP/PSD, MCI/PS-PUN, Basta	2021 (presidential) 2022 (legislative)
Saudi Arabia	Non-partisan	Independents (no political parties)	No elections
Senegal	Multi-party	PASTEF, Awalé, Avenir Sénégal, MRLD, SET Takku Wallu Sénégal (APR, PDS, Rewmi), Sàmm sa Kàddu (MTS, LS/MPR), Jàmm ak Njariñ (PS, AFP), PUR	2024 (presidential) 2022 (legislative)
Serbia	Dominant-party	SNS coalition (SPS, PS, SNP, SPO, NSS, SSD), SPS, PUPS, SDPS, SPP, SPO, DSHV, VMSZ, JS, ZS–USS–RS, Zeleni PSS, NPS–NLS, NADA (NDSS, POKS), ZLF, SRCE, DS, MI–GIN, MI–SN, EU, PSG–SDAS–PVD, USS Sloga	2023 (legislative) 2022 (general)
Seychelles	Two-party	Linyon Demokratik Seselwa (Seychelles National Party, Seychellois Alliance, SPSJD, SUP) United Seychelles	2020 (general)
Sierra Leone	Two-party	Sierra Leone People's Party All People's Congress	2023 (general)
Singapore	Dominant-party	People's Action Party Workers' Party, Progress Singapore Party	2020 (general)
Sint Maarten	Multi-party	Unified Resilient St. Maarten Movement, Democratic Party, Party for Progress, Soualiga Action Movement National Alliance, United People's Party, Nation Opportunity Wealth	2024 (general)
Slovakia	Multi-party	Direction – Social Democracy, Voice – Social Democracy, Slovak National Party, NK/NEKA Progressive Slovakia, Slovakia–KÚ–ZĽ–NOVA, KDH, SaS (incl. OKS), Democrats	2023 (parliament) 2024 (presidential)
Slovenia	Multi-party	Freedom Movement, Social Democrats, The Left Slovenian Democratic Party, New Slovenia, Democrats	2022 (parliament) 2022 (presidential)
Solomon Islands	Multi-party	OUR Party, People First Party, Kadere Party, pro-government independents Democratic Party, United Party, Party for Rural Advancement, Umi for Change, Democratic Alliance Party	2024 (general)
Somalia	Multi-party	Union for Peace and Development Party Tayo, Himilo Qaran, Kaah, Wadajir, Ilays	2021–22 (parliament) 2022 (presidential)
Somaliland	Multi-party	Waddani, Justice and Welfare Party Kulmiye	2024 (presidential) 2021 (parliament)
South Africa	Multi-party	African National Congress, Democratic Alliance, IFP, PA, VF+, UDM, Al Jama-ah, Good, PAC, RISE Progressive Caucus (MK Party, EFF, ATM, UAT), ActionSA, ACDP, BOSA, NCC	2024 (general)
South Ossetia	Multi-party	Nykhaz, People's Party, Communist Party United Ossetia	2022 (presidential) 2024 (parliament)
South Sudan	Dominant-party	Sudan People's Liberation Movement SPLM-in-Opposition, South Sudan Opposition Alliance	2010 (general)
Spain	Multi-party	PSOE, Sumar (SMR, IU, Podemos, CatComú, MM, Compromís, CHA, Més), ERC, EH Bildu, EAJ/PNV, Junts, BNG, CCa People's Party, Vox, UPN	2023 (general)
Sri Lanka	Multi-party	NPP (Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna) Samagi Jana Balawegaya, ITAK, NDF, SLPP, SLMC, MJP, DTNA, ACTC, SLLP	2024 (presidential) 2024 (parliament)
Sudan	Military junta	Ongoing war between the Transitional Sovereignty Council and Rapid Support Forces Parliament dissolved, Forces of Freedom and Change, SPLM–N (al-Hilu), SLM (al-Nur)	Transition to democracy See also: Civil war
Suriname	Multi-party	Progressive Reform Party, General Liberation and Development Party, Pertjajah Luhur National Democratic Party, National Party of Suriname, Brotherhood and Unity in Politics	2020 (general)
Sweden	Multi-party	Moderate Party, Christian Democrats, Liberals, Sweden Democrats Social Democratic Party, Left Party, Centre Party, Green Party	2022 (general)
Switzerland	Multi-party	Swiss People's Party, Social Democratic Party, FDP.The Liberals, The Centre Green Party, Green Liberal Party, Evangelical People's Party, Federal Democratic Union, Ticino League, MCG	2023 (general)
Syria	Transitional government	Syrian Transitional Government (Hayʼat Tahrir al-Sham) No legislature formed, Syrian Interim Government, Syrian Democratic Forces	None; see 2024 offensives

T

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Taiwan (Republic of China)	Multi-party	Democratic Progressive Party Kuomintang, Taiwan People's Party	2024 (presidential) 2024 (legislative)
Tajikistan	Dominant-party	People's Democratic Party, Agrarian Party, Communist Party Party of Economic Reforms, Democratic Party, Socialist Party	2020 (presidential) 2020 (parliament)
Tanzania	Dominant-party	Chama Cha Mapinduzi Chadema, ACT–Wazalendo, Civic United Front	2020 (general)
Zanzibar	Dominant-party	Chama Cha Mapinduzi ACT–Wazalendo, ADC, AFP, TADEA	2020 (general)
Thailand	Multi-party	PTP, BJT, UTN, DP, CTP, Prachachat, Kla Tham, CPP, TRP, PPRP–T, NDP People's Party, PPRP–P, TST, FP, TPP, TLP	2023 (general)
Togo	Dominant-party	Union for the Republic ADDI, ANC, DMP, FDR	2020 (presidential) 2024 (parliament)
Tokelau	Non-partisan	Independents (no political parties)	2023 (general)
Tonga	Two-party	Independents, Democratic Party of the Friendly Islands, Tongan nobles Independents, Tonga People's Party	2021 (general)
Transnistria	Dominant-party	Obnovlenie No parliamentary opposition; Transnistrian Communist Party	2021 (presidential) 2020 (legislative)
Trinidad and Tobago	Two-party	People's National Movement United National Congress	2020 (general)
Tobago	Two-party	Tobago People's Party Progressive Democratic Patriots, Tobago Council of the PNM	2021 (legislative)
Tunisia	Dominant-party	Non-partisan government; 25th of July Movement, Voice of the Republic People's Movement, Democratic Patriots' Unified Party	2024 (president) 2022–23 (parliament)
Turkey	Multi-party	Justice and Development Party, Nationalist Movement Party, HÜDA PAR, DSP CHP, DEM, İYİ, Saadet–Gelecek, DEVA, YRP, DP, TİP, DBP, EMEP	2023 (president) 2023 (parliament)
Turkmenistan	Dominant-party	Democratic Party of Turkmenistan, Agrarian Party, TSTP No parliamentary opposition	2023 (parliament) 2022 (presidential)
Turks and Caicos Islands	Two-party	Progressive National Party People's Democratic Movement	2021 (general)
Tuvalu	Non-partisan	Independents (no political parties)	2024 (general)

U

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Uganda	Dominant-party	National Resistance Movement National Unity Platform, FDC, Democratic Party, UPC, Justice Forum, PPP	2021 (general)
Ukraine	Multi-party	Servant of the People, Platform for Life and Peace, For the Future, Dovira European Solidarity, Batkivshchyna, Holos, Restoration of Ukraine, Svoboda	2019 (president) 2019 (parliament)
United Arab Emirates	Non-partisan	Independents (no political parties)	2023 (parliament)
United Kingdom	Multi-party	Labour Party (incl. Labour Co-op) Conservative Party (opposition), Lib Dems, SNP, Sinn Féin, IA, Reform UK, GPEW, Plaid, SDLP, Alliance, TUV, UUP	2024 (general)
Northern Ireland	Multi-party	Sinn Féin, DUP, Alliance, UUP SDLP, TUV, People Before Profit	2022 (parliament)
Scotland	Multi-party	Scottish National Party Scottish Conservatives, Scottish Labour, Scottish Greens, Scottish Liberal Democrats, Alba Party	2021 (parliament)
Wales	Multi-party	Welsh Labour Welsh Conservatives (official opposition), Plaid Cymru, Welsh Liberal Democrats	2021 (parliament)
United States	Two-party	Republican Party (majority in U.S. House) Democratic Party	2024 (general) 2023 (legislative)
Uruguay	Multi-party	National Party, Colorado Party, Cabildo Abierto, Independent Party Broad Front, Sovereign Identity	2024 (general)
Uzbekistan	Dominant-party	Liberal Democratic Party, Milliy Tiklanish People's Democratic Party, Adolat, Ecological Party	2023 (presidential) 2024 (parliament)

V

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Vanuatu	Multi-party	UMP, RMC, LPV, GJP, NUP, VNDP, Laverwo, Namarakieana Vanua'aku Pati, RDP, Iauko Group, PPP, Nagriamel, PUDP, NCM, VLM, VPDP, UCM	2022 (general)
Vatican City	Non-partisan	Independents (no political parties)	2013 (papal conclave)
Venezuela	Dominant-party	GPPSB (PSUV, PPT, Tupamaro, MSV, PODEMOS, APC, MEP, ORA, UPP) PUD (AD, Copei, UNT, VP, PJ, MPV, Convergencia, EC, La Causa Я, PRVZL	2020 (parliament) 2024 (presidential)
Vietnam	One-party	Communist Party of Vietnam, Fatherland Front	2021 (parliament)
British Virgin Islands	Multi-party	Virgin Islands Party Progressive Virgin Islands Movement, NDP, Progressives United	2023 (general)
U.S. Virgin Islands	Multi-party	Democratic Party Republican Party, Independent Citizens Movement	2022 (gubernatorial) 2024 (general)

W

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Wallis and Futuna	Non-partisan	Independents (no political parties)	2022 (legislative)
Western Sahara	One-party	Polisario Front	2023 (legislative)

Y

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Yemen	Dominant-party	General People's Congress Al-Islah, Yemeni Socialist Party, Nasserist Unionist People's Organisation, Ba'ath Party	2012 (presidential) 2003 (parliament) See also 2014–2015 takeover

Z

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Zambia	Multi-party	United Party for National Development Patriotic Front, Party of National Unity and Progress	2021 (general)
Zimbabwe	Dominant-party	Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front Citizens Coalition for Change	2023 (general)

See also

• List of basic political science topics
• List of current heads of state and government
• List of democracy and elections-related topics
• List of election results
• List of frivolous parties
• List of national leaders
• Lists of political parties by United Nations geoscheme