1446
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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| 1446 by topic |
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| Arts and science |
| Leaders |
| Birth and death categories |
| Births – Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments – Disestablishments |
| Art and literature |
| 1446 in poetry |
| Gregorian calendar | 1446 MCDXLVI |
| Ab urbe condita | 2199 |
| Armenian calendar | 895 ԹՎ ՊՂԵ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6196 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1367–1368 |
| Bengali calendar | 853 |
| Berber calendar | 2396 |
| English Regnal year | 24 Hen. 6 – 25 Hen. 6 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1990 |
| Burmese calendar | 808 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6954–6955 |
| Chinese calendar | 乙丑年 (Wood Ox) 4143 or 3936 — to — 丙寅年 (Fire Tiger) 4144 or 3937 |
| Coptic calendar | 1162–1163 |
| Discordian calendar | 2612 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1438–1439 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5206–5207 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1502–1503 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1367–1368 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4546–4547 |
| Holocene calendar | 11446 |
| Igbo calendar | 446–447 |
| Iranian calendar | 824–825 |
| Islamic calendar | 849–850 |
| Japanese calendar | Bun'an 3 (文安３年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1361–1362 |
| Julian calendar | 1446 MCDXLVI |
| Korean calendar | 3779 |
| Minguo calendar | 466 before ROC 民前466年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −22 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1988–1989 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阴木牛年 (female Wood-Ox) 1572 or 1191 or 419 — to — 阳火虎年 (male Fire-Tiger) 1573 or 1192 or 420 |
Year 1446 (MCDXLVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
[edit]January–December
[edit]- March 6 – The Battle of Ragaz marks the last military conflict of the Old Zurich War between the Swiss Confederacy and the Habsburgs. 1,200 Confederates defeat the Austrian army, commanded by Hans von Rechberg and Wolfhard V. von Brandis, the Habsburg bailiff of Feldkirch. Among other things, the banners of the lords of Brandis are lost to the confederates and later transferred to the church in Sarnen. According to contemporary accounts, around 900 men from the Habsburg army and around 100 men from the Swiss army fell in the battle.[1]
- June 6 – John Hunyadi is proclaimed regent, bestowing the title "governor" upon him. His election is primarily promoted by the lesser nobility, but Hunyadi has by this time become one of the richest barons of the kingdom. His domains cover an area exceeding 800,000 hectares (2,000,000 acres).[2] Hunyadi is one of the few contemporaneous barons who has spent a significant part of their revenues to finance the wars against the Ottomans, thus bearing a large share of the cost of fighting for many years.[3]
- June 12 – An armistice between Duchy of Austria and the Swiss Confederation comes into force.[1]
- June 21 – Lidköping gets its charter, and thus qualifies as one of the now defunct Cities of Sweden.
- August – Christopher of Bavaria undertakes a fruitless military campaign against Gotland to end Eric of Pomerania's piracy.[4][5]
- August 24 – After many years of fruitless negotiations between Christopher of Bavaria and Eric of Pomerania, a Swedish war march to Gotland is launched in the early summer of 1446. King Christopher comes with a force to the island and on an open field in Västergarn with crossbowmen at gunpoint behind each monarch's back; regular peace negotiations take place.[4][6]
- September 27 – Battle of Otonetë: Skanderbeg defeats the Ottomans.[7][8]
- Before October – Sultan Mehmed II of the Ottoman Empire is forced to abdicate, in favor of his father Murad II, by the Janissaries.[9]
- October 9 – The hangul alphabet is proclaimed in Korea, by King Sejong the Great. The Hunmin Jeongeum, published during the year, is considered the start of this brand new scientific writing system.[10]
- October – Murad II invades Attica, forcing Constantine XI to return Thebes to the duchy of Athens,[11] and remove the tribute imposed in 1444. Murad II imposes his own tribute.
- December 10 – After hesitating for several weeks, Sultan Murad II, of the Ottoman Empire, destroys the Hexamilion wall, in an assault that includes cannons. Murad and the Ottoman governor of Thessaly, Turakhan Beg, ravage the Peloponnese Peninsula at will, with the Sultan devastating the northern shore, while Glarentza and Turakhan raid in the interior. The Despotate of the Morea is turned into an Ottoman vassal state.[12]
Date unknown
[edit]- Nuno Tristão is killed by natives on the coast of Senegal.[13]
- Portuguese navigator Álvaro Fernandes reaches the mouth of the Casamance River in Senegal.[14]
- The Precious Belt Bridge in China is fully reconstructed.[15]
- In Italy, the siege of Cremona, by the condottieri troops of Francesco Piccinino and Luigi dal Verme, is raised after the arrival of Scaramuccia da Forlì.[16]
- The Blarney Stone is set into a tower of Blarney Castle in Blarney, County Cork in Ireland.[17]
- Yet another league is formed to counter the House of Sforza.
Births
[edit]- April 18 – Ippolita Maria Sforza, Italian noble (d. 1484)
- May 3
- Frederick I of Liegnitz, Duke of Chojnów and Strzelin from 1453 (d. 1488)
- Margaret of York, duchess consort of Burgundy by marriage to Charles the Bold (d. 1503)[18]
- August 14 – Andrey Bolshoy, Russian royal (d. 1493)
- December 26 – Charles de Valois, Duke de Berry, French noble (d. 1472)
- date unknown – Edmund de Ros, 10th Baron de Ros, English politician (d. 1508)
- probable
- Alexander Agricola, Flemish composer (d. 1506)
- William Grocyn, English scholar (d. 1519)
- Pietro Perugino, Italian painter (d. 1524)
Deaths
[edit]- April 15 – Filippo Brunelleschi, Italian architect (b. 1377)[19]
- May 9 – Mary of Enghien, Queen of Naples (b. 1367)
- May 24 – Ambroise de Loré, Baron of Ivry (b. 1396)
- June 11 – Henry Beauchamp, 1st Duke of Warwick, English nobleman (b. 1425)
- December 28 – Antipope Clement VIII
- February 2 – Vittorino da Feltre, Italian humanist (b. 1378)
- date unknown – Nuno Tristão, Portuguese explorer
References
[edit]- ^ a b Peter Niederhäuser, Christian Sieber: Ein «Bruderkrieg» macht Geschichte 2006
- ^ Mureşanu, Camil (2001). John Hunyadi: Defender of Christendom. The Center for Romanian Studies. ISBN 973-9432-18-2, 127-128.
- ^ Makkai, László (1994). "The Three Nations of Transylvania (1360–1526)". In Köpeczi, Béla; Barta, Gábor; Bóna, István; Makkai, László; Szász, Zoltán; Borus, Judit (eds.). History of Transylvania. Akadémiai Kiadó. pp. 178–243. ISBN 963-05-6703-2.
- ^ a b http://www.guteinfo.com/?id=2811, read on 2023-06-26 (Swedish)
- ^ [1] on 2023-06-26 (Swedish)
- ^ "Erik av Pommern". Svenskt biografiskt lexikon. Retrieved June 1, 2018.
- ^ Albanische Forschungen (in German). O. Harrassowitz. 1964. p. 110. ISBN 978-3-87828-106-1.
- ^ Francione, Gennaro (2006) [2003]. Aliaj, Donika (ed.). Skënderbeu, një hero modern : (Hero multimedial) [Skanderbeg, a modern hero (Hero multimedia)] (in Albanian). Translated by Tasim Aliaj. Tiranë, Albania: Shtëpia botuese "Naim Frashëri". ISBN 99927-38-75-8.
- ^ Erhan Afyoncu, (2009), Truvanın İntikamı (ISBN 978-605-4052-11-0), p. 2, (In Turkish)
- ^ "A.B.C. Isn't Simple as A.B.C. in Korea— Alphabet on 525th Birthday, Both Hailed and Assailed", The New York Times, October 10, 1971, p. 8
- ^ Nicol, Donald M. (1992). The Immortal Emperor: The Life and Legend of Constantine Palaiologos, Last Emperor of the Romans. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-511-58369-8.
- ^ Setton, Kenneth M. (1978), The Papacy and the Levant (1204–1571), Volume II: The Fifteenth Century, DIANE Publishing, pp. 96–97, ISBN 0-87169-127-2
- ^ Gomes Eanes de Zurara (1453) Crónica dos feitos notáveis que se passaram na Conquista da Guiné por mandado do Infante D. Henrique or Chronica do descobrimento e conquista da Guiné. [Trans. 1896–99 by C.R. Beazley and E. Prestage, The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea, London: Halykut]
- ^ Teixeira da Mota, Avelino (1946) "A descoberta da Guiné", Boletim cultural da Guiné Portuguesa, Vol. 1. Part 1 in No. 1 (Jan), p. 11-68, Pt. 2 in No. 2 (Apr), p. 273-326; Pt. 3 in No. 3 (Jul), p. 457-509.
- ^ Needham, Joseph (1986). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 4, Part 3. Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd, 174.
- ^ Block, Wolfgang (1913). Die condottieri. Berlin.
- ^ Samuel, Mark; Hamlyn, Kate (2007). Blarney Castle: Its History, Development and Purpose. Cork University. ISBN 978-1-85918-411-0.
- ^ Yvonne Bleyerveld; Lamot (Mechelen, Belgium) (2005). Women of Distinction: Margaret of York, Margaret of Austria. Brepols Publishers. p. 24. ISBN 978-90-5826-342-1.
- ^ Sir John Wyndham Pope-Hennessy (1986). Italian Renaissance Sculpture. Phaidon. p. 147. ISBN 978-0-7148-2416-1.