Foreign relations of Romania
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The foreign relations of Romania are conducted by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Ministerul Afacerilor Externe; MAE). Romania is a member of the European Union and NATO.
Diplomatic list
[edit]List of countries which Romania maintains diplomatic relations with (all UN member states except Bhutan):
# | Country | Date[1] |
---|---|---|
1 | Austria | 22 September 1878 |
2 | Hungary | 22 September 1878 |
3 | Turkey | 22 October 1878 |
4 | Russia | 24 October 1878 |
5 | Serbia | 26 April 1879 |
6 | Bulgaria | 27 July 1879 |
7 | Italy | 26 December 1879 |
8 | Greece | 9 January 1880 |
9 | Netherlands | 12 February 1880 |
10 | France | 20 February 1880 |
11 | United Kingdom | 20 February 1880 |
12 | Belgium | 29 March 1880 |
13 | United States | 14 June 1880 |
14 | Spain | 5 July 1881 |
15 | Japan | 18 June 1902 |
16 | Iran | 24 July 1902 |
17 | Egypt | 1 April 1906 |
18 | Luxembourg | 18 December 1910 |
19 | Switzerland | 9 May 1911 |
20 | Albania | 28 December 1913 |
21 | Sweden | 18 March 1916 |
22 | Denmark | 26 April 1917 |
23 | Norway | 3 May 1917 |
24 | Portugal | 25 August 1917 |
25 | Czech Republic | 6 April 1919 |
26 | Poland | 22 June 1919[2] |
27 | Finland | 28 June 1920 |
28 | Estonia | 3 September 1921 |
29 | Latvia | 3 February 1922 |
30 | Lithuania | 21 August 1924 |
31 | Chile | 5 February 1925 |
32 | Cuba | 13 April 1927 |
— | Holy See | 10 May 1927 |
33 | Brazil | 7 January 1928 |
34 | Argentina | 12 March 1928 |
— | Sovereign Military Order of Malta | December 1932 |
35 | Uruguay | 24 July 1935 |
36 | Mexico | 26 July 1935 |
37 | Venezuela | 30 December 1935 |
38 | Peru | 10 October 1939 |
39 | Israel | 11 June 1948 |
40 | North Korea | 26 October 1948 |
41 | India | 14 December 1948 |
42 | China | 5 October 1949 |
43 | Vietnam | 3 February 1950 |
44 | Indonesia | 20 February 1950 |
45 | Mongolia | 29 April 1950 |
46 | Syria | 9 August 1955 |
47 | Sudan | 17 January 1956 |
48 | Myanmar | 15 March 1956 |
49 | Iceland | 16 May 1956 |
50 | Ethiopia | 2 July 1957 |
51 | Sri Lanka | 15 September 1957 |
52 | Yemen | 17 December 1957 |
53 | Afghanistan | 5 June 1958 |
54 | Iraq | 14 August 1958 |
55 | Guinea | 14 November 1958 |
56 | Cyprus | 13 November 1960 |
57 | Mali | 1 December 1960 |
58 | Ghana | 10 August 1961 |
59 | Algeria | 16 April 1962 |
60 | Benin | 29 June 1962 |
61 | Laos | 28 November 1962 |
62 | Cambodia | 10 January 1963 |
63 | Kuwait | 10 June 1963 |
64 | Tunisia | 16 December 1963 |
65 | Sierra Leone | 15 January 1964 |
66 | Tanzania | 5 May 1964 |
67 | Pakistan | 15 October 1964 |
68 | Lebanon | 6 January 1965 |
69 | Mauritania | 15 January 1965 |
70 | Jordan | 2 April 1965 |
71 | Somalia | 10 July 1965 |
72 | Rwanda | 15 July 1965 |
73 | Senegal | 5 November 1965 |
74 | Republic of the Congo | 21 August 1966 |
75 | Democratic Republic of the Congo | 14 October 1966 |
76 | Nigeria | 12 November 1966 |
77 | Germany | 31 January 1967[3] |
78 | Canada | 4 April 1967 |
79 | Ivory Coast | 18 May 1967 |
80 | Singapore | 30 May 1967 |
81 | Colombia | 15 November 1967 |
82 | Central African Republic | 6 February 1968 |
83 | Morocco | 20 February 1968 |
84 | Australia | 18 March 1968 |
85 | Burkina Faso | 13 April 1968 |
86 | Nepal | 20 April 1968 |
87 | Zambia | 28 May 1968 |
88 | Malta | 7 June 1968 |
89 | Kenya | 22 June 1968 |
90 | Burundi | 8 August 1968 |
91 | Madagascar | 10 September 1968 |
92 | Ecuador | 12 November 1968 |
93 | Malaysia | 22 March 1969 |
94 | Uganda | 27 April 1969 |
95 | Niger | 20 June 1969 |
96 | Chad | 15 July 1969 |
97 | New Zealand | 13 October 1969 |
98 | Bolivia | 18 October 1969 |
99 | Cameroon | 14 May 1970 |
100 | Costa Rica | 4 July 1970 |
101 | Togo | 12 January 1971 |
102 | Gambia | 30 July 1971 |
103 | Panama | 5 October 1971 |
104 | Botswana | 7 October 1971 |
105 | Philippines | 28 February 1972 |
106 | Equatorial Guinea | 9 March 1972 |
107 | Liberia | 30 April 1972 |
108 | Bangladesh | 29 June 1972 |
109 | Gabon | 21 September 1972 |
110 | Trinidad and Tobago | 25 November 1972 |
111 | Thailand | 1 June 1973 |
112 | Guyana | 20 June 1973 |
113 | Honduras | 11 July 1973 |
114 | Guinea-Bissau | 16 November 1973 |
115 | Libya | 14 February 1974 |
116 | Oman | 1 May 1974 |
117 | Mauritius | 25 June 1974 |
118 | Jamaica | 21 August 1974 |
119 | Grenada | 3 April 1975 |
120 | Lesotho | 1 May 1975 |
121 | Mozambique | 25 June 1975 |
122 | São Tomé and Príncipe | 12 July 1975 |
123 | Fiji | 15 August 1975 |
124 | Cape Verde | 17 September 1975 |
125 | Suriname | 25 November 1975 |
126 | Angola | 19 December 1975 |
127 | Papua New Guinea | 19 May 1976 |
128 | Seychelles | 30 June 1976 |
129 | Comoros | 12 August 1976 |
130 | Barbados | 1 September 1977 |
131 | Djibouti | 18 June 1978 |
132 | Nicaragua | 6 January 1979 |
133 | Maldives | 31 October 1979 |
134 | Saint Lucia | 15 November 1979 |
135 | El Salvador | 17 December 1979 |
136 | Zimbabwe | 18 April 1980 |
137 | Haiti | 9 May 1980 |
138 | Dominican Republic | 25 July 1984 |
139 | Malawi | 15 July 1985 |
— | State of Palestine | February 1989 |
140 | United Arab Emirates | 1 August 1989 |
141 | Namibia | 21 March 1990 |
142 | South Korea | 30 March 1990 |
143 | Ireland | 18 April 1990 |
144 | Qatar | 22 October 1990 |
145 | Guatemala | 7 December 1990 |
146 | Eswatini | 12 December 1990 |
147 | Bahrain | 1 February 1991 |
148 | Moldova | 27 August 1991 |
149 | South Africa | 21 November 1991 |
150 | Armenia | 17 December 1991 |
151 | Ukraine | 1 February 1992 |
152 | Belarus | 14 February 1992 |
153 | Paraguay | 28 May 1992 |
154 | Kyrgyzstan | 15 June 1992 |
155 | Azerbaijan | 19 June 1992 |
156 | Georgia | 25 June 1992 |
157 | Kazakhstan | 15 July 1992 |
158 | Tajikistan | 20 July 1992 |
159 | Turkmenistan | 21 July 1992 |
160 | Croatia | 27 August 1992 |
161 | Slovenia | 28 August 1992 |
162 | Slovakia | 1 January 1993 |
163 | Belize | 25 March 1993 |
164 | Eritrea | 24 November 1993 |
165 | Brunei | 15 April 1994 |
166 | North Macedonia | 11 January 1995 |
167 | Saudi Arabia | 13 March 1995 |
168 | San Marino | 20 June 1995 |
169 | Uzbekistan | 6 October 1995 |
170 | Marshall Islands | 29 January 1996 |
171 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 29 February 1996 |
172 | Andorra | 6 June 1996 |
173 | Liechtenstein | 12 December 1997 |
174 | East Timor | 20 December 2002 |
175 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 22 May 2003 |
176 | Samoa | 2 March 2006 |
177 | Tuvalu | 12 May 2006 |
178 | Montenegro | 9 August 2006 |
179 | Bahamas | 18 June 2007 |
180 | Monaco | 19 March 2008[4] |
181 | Dominica | 30 January 2009 |
182 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 25 June 2009 |
183 | Solomon Islands | 1 February 2011 |
184 | Nauru | 2 March 2011 |
185 | South Sudan | 17 April 2013 |
186 | Palau | 16 February 2018 |
187 | Antigua and Barbuda | 5 April 2018 |
188 | Vanuatu | 1 June 2018 |
189 | Kiribati | 9 July 2018[5] |
190 | Federated States of Micronesia | 5 February 2019[6] |
191 | Tonga | 11 April 2023[6] |
Relations by continent
[edit]Multilateral
[edit]Organization | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
European Union | See 2007 enlargement of the European Union
Romania joined the European Union as a full member on 1 January 2007. | |
NATO | See Romania in NATO
Romania joined NATO as a full member on 29 March 2004. |
Europe (Inside the European Union)
[edit]Romania joined the European Union (EU) on January 1, 2007.
Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Austria | 1878-09-23 | See Austria–Romania relations
Austria (Austria-Hungary, in that era) was the first country who recognized Romania's independence from Turkey (the Ottoman Empire at that time). The relations were suspended on August 27, 1916 when Romania declared war on Austria-Hungary, entering the First World War. On August 27, 1920, the diplomatic relations were resumed, this time with Austria proper, due to the dissolution of the Austria-Hungary Empire. On April 5, 1938 relations were suspended again, few days before the annexation of Austria by Germany (Anschluss). Relations resumed on October 8, 1947, two years after Austria's secession from Germany.
Diplomatic relations' level:
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Belgium | 1880-03-29 | See Foreign relations of Belgium
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Bulgaria | 1879-07-28 | See Bulgaria–Romania relations
|
Croatia | 1941-05-13 | See Croatia–Romania relations
Croatia has an embassy in Bucharest. |
Cyprus | 1960-08-16 | See Foreign relations of Cyprus[7][8]
Cyprus joined the European Union as a full member on May 1, 2004, while Romania joined on January 1, 2007.
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Czech Republic | 1919-04-06 | See Foreign relations of the Czech Republic
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Denmark | 1917-04-26 | See Denmark–Romania relations
|
Estonia | 1921-03-21 | See Foreign relations of Estonia
Between 1924 and 1940, the diplomatic representation of Romania in Estonia was handled by the Romanian legation in Warsaw, Poland.
Diplomatic relations' level:
Diplomatic relations' timeline: March 21, 1924 – August 6, 1940 since September 13, 1991 |
Finland | 1920-06-28 | See Finland–Romania relations
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France | 1880-02-20 | See France–Romania relations
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Germany | 1880-02-20 | See Germany–Romania relations
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Greece | 1880-01-08 | See Greece–Romania relations
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Hungary | 1920-08-21 | See Hungary–Romania relations |
Ireland | 1990-04-18 | See Ireland–Romania relations |
Italy | 1879-12-06 | See Italy–Romania relations
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Latvia | 1921-02-21 | See Foreign relations of Latvia
Between June 2, 1922 – October 18, 1939, the diplomatic representation of Latvia in Romania was handled by the Latvian legation in Prague, in then neighbouring Czechoslovakia. In 1924, Latvia opened 3 honorary consulates in Romania (in Bucharest, Constanţa and Galaţi). On October 18, 1939, Latvia opened its legation in Bucharest. In May 1929, Romania opened its legation in Riga.
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Lithuania | 1924-08-21[10][11] | See Lithuania–Romania relations |
Luxembourg | 1910-12-18 | See Foreign relations of Luxembourg
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Malta | 1968-06-07 | See Foreign relations of Malta
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Netherlands | 1880-01-24 | See Netherlands–Romania relations[12]
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Poland | 1919-02-22 | See Poland–Romania relations
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Portugal | 1917-08-25 | See Foreign relations of Portugal
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Slovakia | 1993-01-01 | See Romania–Slovakia relations[13] |
Slovenia | 1992-08-28 | See Romania–Slovenia relations
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Spain[14] | 1881-07-05 | See Romania–Spain relations
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Sweden | 1916-03-18 | See Romania–Sweden relations
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Europe (Outside of the European Union)
[edit]Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Albania | 1913-12-28 | See Albania–Romania relations
Diplomatic relations' level:
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Andorra | 1996-06-06 | See Foreign relations of Andorra
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Armenia | 1991-12-17 | See Armenia–Romania relations
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Belarus | 1992-02-14 | See Belarus–Romania relations
Romania recognized Belarus' independence on December 20, 1991 and established diplomatic relations on February 14, 1992. Belarus opened a general consulate in Bucharest in 1993, turned into an embassy in 1995. Diplomatic relations' level:
Diploamtic relations' timeline:
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Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1996-03-01 | See Bosnia and Herzegovina–Romania relations |
Georgia | 1921-02-18 | See Georgia–Romania relations
Soon after the First World War and after the collapse of the Russian Empire, Romania recognized the independence of the short-lived Democratic Republic of Georgia. On August 27, 1991, Romania recognized again Georgia, as it restored its independence.
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Holy See (Vatican) | 1920-06-12 | See Holy See–Romania relations |
Iceland | 1956-05-16 | See Foreign relations of Iceland
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Kosovo | See Foreign relations of Kosovo
Romania does not recognize the independence of the Republic of Kosovo and considers its territory part of Serbia as the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija.[citation needed] As a member of the European Union, Romania considers Kosovo a United Nations protectorate, administered by the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo as established by the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244 UN mission assisted by the European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo. Even if Romania does not consider Kosovo a state, Romanian authorities recognize Kosovo passport and ID as identification documents, but not as travel documents. To travel into Romania, Kosovar citizens holding a Kosovar passport will get from the Romanian authorities a special visa on a separate document that must be shown, when entering Romania, as attached to the Kosovar passport. Therefore, Romanian authorities admit Kosovar citizens on visit without recognizing the legal status of their documents.[citation needed] | |
Liechtenstein | 1997-12-12 | See Foreign relations of Liechtenstein
|
Moldova | See Moldova–Romania relations | |
Monaco | 1880-02-27 | See Foreign relations of Monaco
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Montenegro | 2006-08-09 | See Montenegro–Romania relations[15] |
North Macedonia | 1992 | See Foreign relations of North Macedonia
In November 1993, Romania opened its general consulate in Skopje. On January 11, 1995, Romania upgraded its general consulate in Skopje to an embassy. On April 19, 2007 Romania opened its honorary consulate in Bitola. On November 12, 2009 North Macedonia opened its honorary consulate in Ploieşti.
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Norway | 1917-05-03 | See Norway–Romania relations |
Russia | 1878-10-12 | See Romania–Russia relations
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San Marino | 1968-11-15 | See Foreign relations of San Marino
Romania opened its honorary consulate in San Marino in 2001. San Marino opened its honorary consulate in Romania in 2002.
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Serbia | 1841-04-19[16] | See Romania–Serbia relations
Danubian Principalities of Wallachia and Serbia were de facto the first states to recognize each other's diplomatic networks – already by the end of 1830s, as both monarchies strived for formal independence from the Ottoman Empire.[17][18] Following their recognition as independent states, on 14/26 April 1879 the Romanian diplomatic agency in Belgrade became a legation, having Lascăr Catargiu as its first resident minister.[19] This status later evolved into full-fledged embassies with assumed more diplomatic and consular affairs, which was ongoing in parallel with the changes of Serbian political status (within Yugoslav kingdom and republic and Serbo-Montenengrin Union state). Nowadays Romania has an embassy in Belgrade, a general consulate in Vršac. Serbia has an embassy in Bucharest, a general consulate in Timișoara. Significant minorities exist on both sides of the border, which are quite exemplary integrated into local societies. |
Sovereign Military Order of Malta[20] | 1992 | See Foreign relations of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta |
Switzerland | 1911-05-09 | See Romania–Switzerland relations[21] |
Turkey | 1879-10-22 | See Romania–Turkey relations[22]
|
Ukraine | 1918-02-09 | See Romania–Ukraine relations |
United Kingdom | 1880-02-20 | See Romania–United Kingdom relations
Romania established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 20 February 1880.[23]
Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, the International Criminal Court, NATO, OSCE, and the World Trade Organization. |
Asia
[edit]Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Afghanistan | 1958-06-05 | See Foreign relations of Afghanistan
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Azerbaijan | 1992-06-19 | See Azerbaijan–Romania relations
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Bahrain | 1991-02-01 | See Foreign relations of Bahrain
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Bangladesh | 1972-06-29 | See Foreign relations of Bangladesh
Romania closed its embassy in Dhaka, while Bangladesh closed its embassy in Bucharest.
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Brunei | 1994-04-15 | See Foreign relations of Brunei
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Bhutan | No relations | See Foreign relations of Bhutan
Bhutan's foreign policy is "guided" by neighbouring India, since 1949. Until then, Bhutan's foreign policy was handled by Tibet (until 1860) and by the United Kingdom (between 1865 and 1947).[28] Nevertheless, Bhutan suffers of a shortage of diplomatic personnel. Romania and Bhutan recognize each other as independent states, but no diplomatic relations have been established yet.
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Cambodia | 1963-01-10 | See Foreign relations of Cambodia
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People's Republic of China | 1949-10-05 | See China–Romania relations[29] |
East Timor | See Foreign relations of East Timor | |
India | 1948-12-14 | See Foreign relations of India
Romania opened its embassy in New Delhi in 1955 and India opened its embassy in Bucharest in 1959.
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Indonesia | 1950-02-20 | See Foreign relations of Indonesia
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Iran | 1902-07-24 | See Iran–Romania relations
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Iraq | 1958-08-14 | See Iraq–Romania relations
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Israel | 1948-06-11 | See Israel–Romania relations |
Japan | 1902-06-18 | See Foreign relations of Japan
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Jordan | 1965-04-02 | See Foreign relations of Jordan
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Kazakhstan | 1992-07-15 | See Foreign relations of Kazakhstan
Romania recognized Kazakhstan's independence on December 17, 1991. In August 2009, Romania moved its embassy to the new Kazakh capital of Nur-Sultan.
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North Korea | 1948-10-26 | See North Korea–Romania relations
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Kuwait | 1963-06-10 | See Foreign relations of Kuwait
The first Romanian ambassador was accredited in September 1974. The Kuwaiti embassy in Romania was opened on May 16, 2006.
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Kyrgyzstan | 1992-06-15 | See Foreign relations of Kyrgyzstan
Romania recognized Kyrgyzstan's independence on December 20, 1991. Romania opened its honorary consulate in Bishkek on May 25, 2006.
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Laos | 1962-11-28 | See Foreign relations of Laos
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Lebanon | 1965-01-06 | See Lebanon–Romania relations
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Malaysia | 1969-03-22 | See Malaysia–Romania relations
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Maldives | 1979-11-01 | See Foreign relations of Maldives
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Mongolia | 1950-04-29 | See Foreign relations of Mongolia
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Myanmar | 1956-03-15 | See Foreign relations of Myanmar
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Nepal | 1968-04-20 | See Foreign relations of Nepal
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Oman | 1971-05-01 | See Foreign relations of Oman
The diplomatic representation of Romania in Oman was handled by the Romanian embassy in Tehran, Iran (between 1975 and 1979) and by the Romanian embassy in Kuwait City, Kuwait (between 1986 and 1995). Since 2002, the diplomatic representation of Romania in Oman is handled by the Romanian embassy in Riyadh, in neighbouring Saudi Arabia.
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Palau | 2018-02-16 | See Foreign relations of Palau
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Palestine | 1988-11-17 | See Romania–Palestine relations |
Pakistan | 1964-10-15 | See Pakistan–Romania relations |
Philippines | 1972-03-10 | See Philippines–Romania relations |
Qatar | 1990-10-22 | See Foreign relations of Qatar
Qatar opened its embassy in Romania in 1997. Diplomatic relations' level:
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Saudi Arabia | 1995-03-13 | See Romania–Saudi Arabia relations |
Singapore | 1967-05-30[32] | See Foreign relations of Singapore
In February 2002 the Romanian president Ion Iliescu made an official visit to Singapore.[33] In March 2002 Romania and Singapore signed a double-taxation agreement.[34] In November 2008, Singapore signed an open skies agreement (OSA) with Romania to allow greater flexibility on air services.[35] In 2000, trade between Romania and Singapore was US$15.5 million, roughly balanced.[32] The Romanian market, with a relatively cheap and skilled labor force and advantageous tax laws, has been attractive to several Singapore companies who have established joint ventures in Romania. Forte, created in 1990 as a Romanian-Singapore joint venture for computer assembly, is an example.[36] (However, in 2006 Forte was acquired by Siemens.[37])
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South Korea | 30 March 1990[39] | See Romania–South Korea relations
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Sri Lanka | 1957-09-15 | See Romania–Sri Lanka relations
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Syria | 1955-08-09 | See Romania–Syria relations |
Tajikistan | 1992-07-20 | See Foreign relations of Tajikistan
Romania recognized Tajikistan's independence on December 20, 1991.
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Thailand | 1973-06-01 | See Foreign relations of Thailand
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Turkmenistan | 1992-07-20 | See Foreign relations of Turkmenistan
Romania recognized Turkmenistan's independence on December 20, 1991. Diplomatic relations' level:
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United Arab Emirates | 1989-08-01 | See Foreign relations of United Arab Emirates
Romania opened its commercial office in Dubai in 1974, its embassy in June 1990 in Abu Dhabi and its general consulate in Dubai in January 1992. UAE opened their embassy in Bucharest in December 2004.
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Uzbekistan | 1995-10-06 | See Romania–Uzbekistan relations |
Vietnam | 1950-02-03 | See Foreign relations of Vietnam
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Yemen | 1957-12-17 | See Foreign relations of Yemen
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Africa: Arab Maghreb Union (AMU)
[edit]Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Algeria | 1962-04-14 | See Foreign relations of Algeria
The Romanian embassy in Algeria was opened in 1963. The first Romanian ambassador took office on May 5, 1963. Algeria opened its embassy in Bucharest in 1982. Diplomatic relations' level:
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Libya | 1974-02-14 | See Foreign relations of Libya
On July 25, 2007 Libya closed its embassy (listed as "Popular Bureau") in Romania due to financial issues. In September 2009, due to its lack of embassy in Romania (previously closed on July 25, 2007), Libya opened a general consulate (listed as "Economic Cooperation Bureau") in Bucharest. The general consulate was promoted into an embassy in July 2010, thus reopening its embassy in Romania. Diplomatic relations' level (for Libya):
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Mauritania | 1965-01-15 | See Foreign relations of Mauritania
Romania opened its embassy in Mauritania in 1972, but closed it due to financial issues in 1997. Mauritania opened its embassy in Romania in 1977, but closed it due to financial issues in February 1996.
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Morocco | 1962-02-20 | See Morocco–Romania relations |
Tunisia | 1963-12-16 | See Romania–Tunisia relations[44] |
Africa: Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)
[edit]Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
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Benin | 1962-06-29 | See Foreign relations of Benin
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Burkina Faso | 1968-04-13 | See Foreign relations of Burkina Faso
Romania recognized Burkina Faso's independence on August 7, 1960, two days after the country declared independence. On March 17, 2003, Romania opened in Ouagadougou its honorary consulate.
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Cape Verde | 1975-09-17 | See Foreign relations of Cape Verde
Initially, the diplomatic representation of Romania in Cape Verde was handled by the Romanian embassy in Conakry, Guinea, but after the closure of this embassy on July 10, 1999, the diplomatic representation of Romania in Cape Verde is handled by the Romanian embassy in Dakar, in neighbouring Senegal.
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Côte d'Ivoire | 1967-05-17 | See Foreign relations of Côte d'Ivoire
Romania closed its embassy in Abidjan in May 1983, due to financial issues.
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Gambia | 1971-07-30 | See Foreign relations of Gambia
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Ghana | 1961-08-10 | See Foreign relations of Ghana
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Guinea | 1958-11-14 | See Foreign relations of Guinea
Romania recognized Guinea's independence on October 9, 1958. The two countries established diplomatic relations on November 14, 1958. The Romanian embassy in Conakry was opened on November 14, 1961, as the first Romanian embassy in Sub-Saharan Africa. Due to financial issues, the Romanian embassy was closed on July 10, 1999. Guinea opened its embassy in Bucharest on April 14, 1974, but closed it in June 1988 due to financial issues.
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Guinea-Bissau | 1973-11-16 | See Foreign relations of Guinea-Bissau
Romania opened its honorary consulate in Guinea-Bissau on September 2, 2005.
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Liberia | 1972-04-30 | See Foreign relations of Liberia
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Mali | 1960-12-01 | See Foreign relations of Mali
Romania recognized Mali's independence on October 10, 1960 and established diplomatic relations on December 1, 1960.
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Niger | 1969-06-20 | See Foreign relations of Niger
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Nigeria | 1966-11-12 | See Foreign relations of Nigeria
Romania opened its embassy in Nigeria in 1968 and moved it in Abuja in 2001. Nigeria opened its embassy in Romania in 1974.
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Senegal | 1965-11-05 | See Foreign relations of Senegal
Romania opened its embassy in Senegal in February 1977.
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Sierra Leone | 1964-01-15 | See Foreign relations of Sierra Leone
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Togo | 1971-01-12 | See Foreign relations of Togo
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Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
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Angola | listed in Africa: Southern African Development Community (SADC) due to geographical reasons. Angola is member of both communities. | |
Burundi | listed in Africa: East African Community (EAC) due to political and economic reasons. Burundi is member of both communities. | |
Cameroon | 1970-05-15 | See Foreign relations of Cameroon
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Central African Republic | 1969-02-06 | See Foreign relations of Central African Republic
The Romanian embassy in Bangui was opened in 1970 and closed in 1996. The Romanian honorary consulate in Bangui was opened a year later, in 1997. The Central African embassy in Bucharest was opened in 1970 and closed in 1980.
Diplomatic relations' level:
Diplomatic relations' timeline:
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Chad | 1969-07-15 | See Chad–Romania relations |
Democratic Republic of the Congo | 1966-10-14 | See Foreign relations of Democratic Republic of the Congo
Romania closed its embassy in Kinshasa on October 17, 1999.
Diplomatic relations' level:
Diplomatic relations' timeline:
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Republic of the Congo | 1968-08-21 | See Foreign relations of Republic of the Congo
Diplomatic relations' level:
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Equatorial Guinea | 1972-03-09 | See Foreign relations of Equatorial Guinea
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Gabon | 1972-10-19 | See Foreign relations of Gabon
Diplomatic relations' level:
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Rwanda | listed in Africa: East African Community due to political and economic reasons. Rwanda is member of both communities. | |
São Tomé and Príncipe | 1975-07-12 | See Foreign relations of São Tomé and Príncipe
Diplomatic relations' level:
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Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
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Djibouti | 1978-05-18 | See Foreign relations of Djibouti
Diplomatic relations' level:
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Egypt | 1906-04-01 | See Foreign relations of Egypt
Diplomatic relations' level:
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Eritrea | 1993-11-23 | See Foreign relations of Eritrea
Diplomatic relations' level:
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Ethiopia | 1957-07-02 | See Foreign relations of Ethiopia
Diplomatic relations' level:
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Somalia | 1965-07-10 | See Foreign relations of Somalia
Romania opened its embassy in Mogadishu in 1983. Somalia opened its embassy in Bucharest in January 1988. Both countries closed their embassies in January 1991.
Diplomatic relations' level:
Diplomatic relations' timeline:
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South Sudan | 2011-07-09 | See Foreign relations of South Sudan
Diplomatic relations' level:
Diplomatic relations' timeline:
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Sudan | 1956-01-17 | See Foreign relations of Sudan
As with most of the Eastern European countries, Sudan has enjoyed a historically close and strongly friendly relationship with Romania. The two countries have a long history of political and cultural contact and the East African country is home to a sizable population of Romanian immigrants. Romania and Sudan also have productive economic ties. Diplomatic relations' level:
Diplomatic relations' timeline:
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Africa: East African Community (EAC)
[edit]Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Burundi | 1968-09-19 | See Foreign relations of Burundi
In October 1996, due to financial issues, Romania closed its embassy in Bujumbura, Burundi. On October 31, 1997, the Romanian minister of Foreign Affairs signed the document that stipulated the opening of a Romanian honorary consulate in Burundi.
Diplomatic relations' level:
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Kenya | 1968-06-22 | See Foreign relations of Kenya
Romania opened its embassy in Kenya in 1974.
Diplomatic relations' level:
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Rwanda | 1965-07-15 | See Foreign relations of Rwanda
Diplomatic relations' level:
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Tanzania | 1964-05-05 | See Foreign relations of Tanzania
Romania closed its embassy in Dar es Salaam on November 18, 1999.
Diplomatic relations' level:
Diplomatic relations' timeline:
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Uganda | 1969-04-27 | See Foreign relations of Uganda
Diplomatic relations' level:
Diplomatic relations' timeline:
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Africa: Southern African Development Community (SADC)
[edit]Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Angola | 1975-12-13 | See Foreign relations of Angola
Diplomatic relations' level:
Diplomatic relations' timeline:
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Botswana | 1971-10-07 | See Foreign relations of Botswana
Diplomatic relations' level:
Diplomatic relations' timeline:
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DR Congo | listed in Africa: Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS) due to geographical reasons. DR Congo is member of both communities. | |
Lesotho | 1975-05-01 | See Foreign relations of Lesotho
The diplomatic representation of Romania in Lesotho was handled by the Romanian embassy in Lusaka, Zambia (between 1978 and 1980), the Romanian embassy in Maputo, Mozambique (between 1980 – April 1990). From November 1991, the diplomatic representation of Romania in Lesotho is handled by the Romanian embassy in Pretoria, in neighbouring South Africa.
Diplomatic relations' level:
Diplomatic relations' timeline:
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Madagascar | listed in Africa: Indian Ocean's islands due to geographical reasons | |
Malawi | 1985-07-15 | See Foreign relations of Malawi
Diplomatic relations' level:
Diplomatic relations' timeline:
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Mauritius | listed in Africa: Indian Ocean's islands due to geographical reasons | |
Mozambique | 1975-06-25 | See Foreign relations of Mozambique
Romania closed its embassy in Maputo, Mozambique on August 10, 1999.
Diplomatic relations' level:
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Namibia | 1990-10-19 | See Foreign relations of Namibia
Romania closed its embassy in Windhoek, on July 1, 1999, due to financial issues.
Diplomatic relations' level:
Diplomatic relations' timeline:
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Seychelles | listed in Africa: Indian Ocean's islands due to geographical reasons | |
South Africa | 1991-11-21 | See South African-Romanian relations[47] and Foreign relations of South Africa
South Africa temporary closed its embassy in Romania in 1998. The embassy was reopened in December 2006 (the official ceremony took place in March 2008 due to logistical issues).
Diplomatic relations' level:
Diplomatic relations' timeline:
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Swaziland | 1991-02-01 | See Foreign relations of Swaziland
Diplomatic relations' level:
Diplomatic relations' timeline:
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Tanzania | listed in Africa: East African Community due to political and economic reasons. Tanzania is member of both communities. | |
Zambia | 1968-05-28 | See Foreign relations of Zambia
Diplomatic relations' level:
Diplomatic relations' timeline:
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Zimbabwe | 1980-04-18 | See Foreign relations of Zimbabwe
Diplomatic relations' level:
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Africa: Indian Ocean's islands
[edit]Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Comoros | 1976-08-02 | See Foreign relations of Comoros
Diplomatic relations' level:
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Madagascar | 1968-09-10 | See Foreign relations of Madagascar
Madagascar opened its honorary consulate in Romania in September 1996.
Diplomatic relations' level:
Diplomatic relations' timeline:
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Mauritius | 1974-06-25 | See Foreign relations of Mauritius
Diplomatic relations' level:
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Seychelles | 1976-07-30 | See Foreign relations of Seychelles
Diplomatic relations' level:
Diplomatic relations' timeline:
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North America and the Caribbean
[edit]Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Antigua and Barbuda | 5 April 2018[48] | See Foreign relations of Antigua and Barbuda
|
Bahamas | 2007-07-18 | See Foreign relations of the Bahamas
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Barbados | 1977-09-01 | See Foreign relations of Barbados
Diplomatic relations' level:
Diplomatic relations' timeline:
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Canada | 1919-08-19 | See Canada–Romania relations |
Cuba | 1927-04-13 | See Foreign relations of Cuba
Diplomatic relations' level:
Diplomatic relations' timeline:
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Dominica | 2009-01-30 | See Foreign relations of Dominica
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Dominican Republic | 1984-07-21 | See Foreign relations of the Dominican Republic
In April 1996, Romania opened its first honorary consulate, in Santo Domingo. Since October 14, 2002, the diplomatic representation of Romania in the Dominican Republic is handled by the Romanian embassy in Caracas, Venezuela. In 2007, Romania opened its second honorary consulate, in Santiago de los Caballeros.
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Diplomatic relations' timeline:
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Grenada | 1975-04-03 | See Foreign relations of Grenada
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Haiti | 1980-05-09 | See Foreign relations of Haiti
Diplomatic relations' level:
Diplomatic relations' timeline:
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Jamaica | 1974-08-21 | See Foreign relations of Jamaica
Diplomatic relations' level:
Diplomatic relations' timeline:
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Mexico | 1935-07-20 | See Mexico–Romania relations
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Saint Kitts and Nevis | 2009-06-25 | See Foreign relations of Saint Kitts and Nevis
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Saint Lucia | 1979-11-01 | See Foreign relations of Saint Lucia
Diplomatic relations' level:
Diplomatic relations' timeline:
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Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 2003-05-22 | See Foreign relations of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
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Trinidad and Tobago | 1972-11-25 | See Foreign relations of Trinidad and Tobago
Diplomatic relations' level:
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United States | 1880-06-14[49] | See Romania–United States relations
Although diplomatic relations between the two countries started in 1880, the United States recognized Romania's independence on October 14, 1878. The relations were severed between 1941 and 1946 and remained strained until the 1960s. The bilateral relations began improving after the fall of communism in Romania.
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South and Central America
[edit]Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Argentina | 1931-04-24 | See Argentina–Romania relations
Diplomatic relations' level:
Diplomatic relations' timeline:
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Belize | 1993-03-25 | See Foreign relations of Belize
Diplomatic relations' level:
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Bolivia | 1969-10-18 | See Foreign relations of Bolivia
The first contacts took place in 1905, when Bolivia opened an honorary consulate in Bucharest. In 1996, the honorary consulate was turned into an embassy. On July 27, 2000, Bolivia closed its embassy in Bucharest, while Romania closed its embassy in La Paz on April 1, 2000.
Diplomatic relations' level:
Diplomatic relations' timeline:
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Brazil | 1928-01-07 | See Brazil–Romania relations
Diplomatic relations' level:
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Chile | 1925-02-05 | See Chile–Romania relations[50] |
Colombia | 1967-11-15 | See Foreign relations of Colombia
Colombia closed its embassy in Bucharest in November 2002.
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Diplomatic relations' timeline:
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Costa Rica | 1970-07-04 | See Foreign relations of Costa Rica
Costa Rica closed its embassy in Bucharest in 1999, while Romania closed its embassy in Costa Rica in May 2000.
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Diplomatic relations' timeline:
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Ecuador | 1968-11-12 | See Foreign relations of Ecuador
On April 8, 1880, the newly independent Romania notified Ecuador on its independence. Ecuador answered on July 8, 1881 and congratulated Romania. Until November 11, 1968 the two countries had no diplomatic relations. Romania opened its embassy in Quito in July 1973 and Ecuador opened its embassy in Bucharest in April 1974. On May 31, 1999, Ecuador closed its embassy. A year later, in May 2000, Romania closed its embassy in Quito.
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El Salvador | 1979-12-17 | See Foreign relations of El Salvador
Diplomatic relations' level:
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Guatemala | 1990-12-07 | See Foreign relations of Guatemala
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Guyana | 1973-06-20 | See Foreign relations of Guyana
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Honduras | 1973-07-11 | See Foreign relations of Honduras
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Nicaragua | 1979-09-06 | See Foreign relations of Nicaragua
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Panama | 1971-10-05 | See Foreign relations of Panama
On April 23, 1996, Romania opened its honorary consulate in Panama.
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Paraguay | 1992-05-28 | See Foreign relations of Paraguay
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Peru | 1939-10-10 |
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Suriname | 1975-11-25 | See Foreign relations of Suriname
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Uruguay | 1925-07-24 | See Romania–Uruguay relations
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Venezuela | 1935-12-30 | See Foreign relations of Venezuela
Diplomatic relations' level:
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Oceania
[edit]Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Australia | 1968-03-18 | See Australia–Romania relations
Romania and Australia have concluded an Investment Promotion and Protection Agreement, signed in 1994, a Trade and Economic Agreement (signed with full effect for Australia in July 2002 and for Romania in January 2003) and an Agreement for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion, signed in 2001.[51]
Diplomatic relations' level:
Diplomatic relations' timeline:
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Fiji | 1975-08-15 | See Foreign relations of Fiji
Diplomatic relations' level:
Diplomatic relations' level:
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Kiribati | 2018-06-09 | See Foreign relations of Kiribati
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Marshall Islands | 1996-01-29 | See Foreign relations of Marshall Islands
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Federated States of Micronesia | 2019-02-05 | See Foreign relations of Federated States of Micronesia
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Nauru | 2011-03-02 | See Foreign relations of Nauru
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New Zealand | 1969-10-13 | See Foreign relations of New Zealand
In 1970, Romania opened a general consulate in Wellington, turned into an embassy in 1981. The Romanian embassy in New Zealand was closed in February 1989. The immigration issues of Romanian citizens to the New Zealand are handled by the New Zealander embassy in London, in the United Kingdom.
Diplomatic relations' level:
Diplomatic relations' level:
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Papua New Guinea | 1976-05-19 | See Foreign relations of Papua New Guinea
Diplomatic relations' level:
Diplomatic relations' level:
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Samoa | 2006-03-02 | See Foreign relations of Samoa
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Solomon Islands | 2011-02-01 |
Both countries established diplomatic relations on February 1, 2011.[53] |
Tonga | No relations | See Foreign relations of Tonga
|
Tuvalu | 2006-05-12 | See Foreign relations of Tuvalu
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Vanuatu | 2018-05-31 | See Foreign relations of Vanuatu[54]
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International organisations
[edit]Romania is a member of the following international organisations:
- Council of Europe
- International Atomic Energy Agency
- International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
- International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
- NATO
- United Nations
- International Maritime Organization
- Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation
- Black Sea Trade and Development Bank
- Union for the Mediterranean
- Antarctic Treaty System (without consulting status)
- Asia–Europe Meeting
- European Patent Organisation
- Interpol
- European Space Agency
See also
[edit]- List of diplomatic missions in Romania
- List of diplomatic missions of Romania
- List of Romanian diplomats
- Romania's foreign policy in the years preceding the outbreak of the World War I
References
[edit]- ^ "Diplomatic Relations of Romania". Ministerul Afacerilor Externe. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
- ^ "Polska w Rumunii (Serwis Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej)" (in Polish). Retrieved 12 April 2023.
- ^ "Länder" (in German). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
- ^ "Rapport de Politique Extérieure 2007" (in French). p. 44. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
- ^ "Establishment of the diplomatic relations with the Republic of Kiribati". Retrieved 2 July 2018.
- ^ a b "Diplomatic relations between Romania and ..." Retrieved 2 July 2022.
- ^ "Cyprus Foreign Ministry: list of bilateral treaties between Cyprus and Romania" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-09-29. Retrieved 2011-09-29.
- ^ "Ministerul Afacerilor Externe". www.mae.ro.
- ^ "AMBASADA ROMÂNIEI în Republica Cipru". Archived from the original on 19 February 2015. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
- ^ "Political and Diplomatic Relations". Romania. Archived from the original on 2011-10-05. Retrieved 2009-07-09.
- ^ "Bilateral Relations". Lithuania. Retrieved 2009-07-09.
- ^ "Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Romania (in Dutch only)" (PDF). 25 August 2021.
- ^ "Ministerul Afacerilor Externe". www.mae.ro.
- ^ See, Flaviu Vasile, Rus (2018). Relații culturale și diplomatice româno-spaniole. 1880-1936. Cluj-Napoca: Editura Mega. ISBN 978-606-543-930-6.
- ^ "Montenegro Foreign Affaires Ministry: Establishment of diplomatic relations between both countries (in Montenegrin)". Archived from the original on 2011-07-22. Retrieved 2009-07-17.
- ^ [Reprezentanțele diplomatice ale României, vol. I, 1859–1917, București, 1967, pp. 130–134.
- ^ Reprezentanțele diplomatice ale României, vol. I, 1859–1917, București, 1967, pp. 130–134.
- ^ G.G. Florescu, "Agențiile diplomatice de la București și Belgrad (1863–1866)", în Romanoslavica XI/1965, pp. 126–131.
- ^ A.A. Căpușan, Diplomați români de elită, vol. II, ediția a II-a, București, 2009, p. 13.
- ^ Sovereign Military Order of Malta has no sovereign territory. It is listed in Europe: Mediterranean microstates due to its extraterritorial headquarters in Rome, Italy and few properties in Italy with extraterritoriality status.
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- ^ "From Rep. of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 2009-08-06. Retrieved 2009-07-12.
- ^ "Brief history of Romanian – British diplomatic relations (1880-2022)". Embassy of Romania to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Archived from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 5 April 2024.
- ^ "Romanian Missions | Ministry of Foreign Affairs". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Romania. Archived from the original on 1 December 2019. Retrieved 9 November 2024.
- ^ "British Embassy Bucharest". GOV.UK. Archived from the original on 10 October 2024. Retrieved 9 November 2024.
- ^ "Un angajat al Ambasadei României la Kabul a murit, iar altul e rănit grav după atacul terorist de luni noapte". 4 September 2019.
- ^ "Bangladesh to send more workers to Romania". The Daily Star (Bangladesh). 17 October 2021. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
- ^ "Bhutan - Foreign Relations". Retrieved 19 February 2015.
- ^ "Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China". www.fmprc.gov.cn.
- ^ a b "Republica Libaneză" (in Romanian). Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 10 August 2020.
- ^ "Romanian Missions | Ministry of Foreign Affairs".
- ^ a b "Romanian president arrives in Singapore, 20 February". Rompres. February 20, 2002. Archived from the original on October 18, 2012. Retrieved 2009-07-17.
- ^ "Romanian president arrives in Singapore, 20 February". Rompres. February 20, 2002. Archived from the original on October 18, 2012. Retrieved 2009-07-15.
- ^ "Romania to sign tax agreement with Singapore". AP Worldstream. Archived from the original on 2012-10-25. Retrieved 2009-07-15.
- ^ "osa signed between romania and singapore". Property-Abroad.com. 2008-11-28. Archived from the original on 2009-10-03. Retrieved 2009-07-16.
- ^ "ROMANIA COUNTRY COMMERCIAL GUIDE FY2002 – NETWORKS MARKET". U. S. Department of Commerce. Archived from the original on 2009-02-08. Retrieved 2009-07-16.
- ^ "FORTE BUSINESS SERVICES S.R.L." Siemens. Archived from the original on 2011-07-06. Retrieved 2009-07-16.
- ^ "Ministerul Afacerilor Externe". Retrieved 19 February 2015.
- ^ a b "Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea". www.mofa.go.kr. Archived from the original on 24 December 2013. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
- ^ "Embassy of the Republic of Korea in Romania". Rou.mofa.go.kr. Archived from the original on 20 December 2017. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
- ^ "AMBASADA ROMÂNIEI în Republica Coreea". seoul.mae.ro. Archived from the original on 2017-12-01. Retrieved 2017-11-22.
- ^ "Ministerul Afacerilor Externe". Mae.ro. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
- ^ "Thai embassy in Bucharest". Thaiembassy.ro. Archived from the original on 27 June 2009. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
- ^ [1] [dead link ]
- ^ [2] [dead link ]
- ^ "Ministerul Afacerilor Externe". Retrieved 19 February 2015.
- ^ "Department of International Relations and Cooperation - South Africa". www.dfa.gov.za.
- ^ a b "Romania and Antigua & Barbuda have agreed to establish diplomatic relations | Ministry of Foreign Affairs". www.mae.ro.
- ^ Flaviu Vasile, Rus, ed. (2018). The cultural and the diplomatic relations between Romania and the United States of America. 1880-1920. Cluj-Napoca: MEGA Publishing. ISBN 978-606-543-970-2.
- ^ "Rumania y su relación con Chile" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-03-12. Retrieved 2008-03-22. Chilean Foreign Ministry about relations with Romania (in Spanish)
- ^ "Romania". Archived from the original on 28 April 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
- ^ "AMBASADA ROMÂNIEI în Australia". Retrieved 19 February 2015.
- ^ "Diplomatic Relations of Romania - Ministry of Foreign Affairs". www.mae.ro.
- ^ "Relaţii bilaterale – Rep.Vanuatu" (in Romanian). Retrieved 5 January 2021.